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AP Psychology > 2e. States of Consciousness & Sleep > Flashcards

2e. States of Consciousness & Sleep Flashcards

Unit 4 (75 cards)

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1
Q

The awareness of ourselves and the environment (sensations, thoughts, and feelings expressed in a given moment):

A

Consciousness

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2
Q

It is our ______ understanding of both the environment around us and our private internal world, unobservable to others:

A

Subjective

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3
Q

Who believed consciousness served as a function because it enables us to consider our past, adjust to our present, and plan for our future?

A

William James

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4
Q

Outside of awareness but contains feelings and memories that can easily be brought back to conscious awareness:

A

Preconscious

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5
Q

Includes unacceptable feelings/thoughts not directly available to conscious awareness:

A

Unconscious or Subconscious

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6
Q

Processes are completely inaccessible to conscious:

A

Nonconscious

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7
Q

___ consciousness means we are awake and aware of our thoughts, emotions, and perceptions:

A

Waking

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8
Q

______ ____ of consciousness can be natural like when we are sleeping and dreaming:

A

Altered States

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9
Q

______ ____ of of consciousness can also be deliberate like during drug use of hypnosis:

A

Altered States

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10
Q

Involves initiating activities and carrying them out without much effort:

A

Automatic Processing

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11
Q

Initiating an activity and making a conscious effort to direct our behavior:

A

Effortful/Controlled Processing

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12
Q

_______ _______ occur on a 24/25 hour cycle and one cycle sleep and wakefulness:

A

Circadian Rhythm

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13
Q

Termed our “_____ ___” it can be altered by artificial light:

A

Biological Clock

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14
Q

Light triggers the _________ ______ to decrease _____ from the ____ gland and increase it at nightfall:

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus; melatonin; pineal

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15
Q

Researchers contend that if our bodies were given free rein they would tend more towards a 25 hour clock:

A

Free Running Rhythms

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16
Q

The periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness:

A

Sleep

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17
Q

How many sleep cycles are there?

A

4

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18
Q

Every ___ to ____ minutes we pass through a cycle:

A

90 to 100

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19
Q

List the sleep cycle stages:

A

State 1-3 and REM

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20
Q

Who used EEG to study sleep?

A

Eugene Aserinsky

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21
Q

What state is when we are awake and moving?

A

Awake Aroused State

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22
Q

In the Awake Aroused State, our brain emits what?

A

Beta Waves

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23
Q

How many CPS are beta waves?

A

15-40 CPS

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24
Q

What state happens when one closes their eyes but remains awake?

A

Awake but Relaxed State

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25
In the Awake but Relaxed State, the brain activity ____ down to a large amp and slow regular _____ waves:
Slows; Alpha
26
How many CPS happen in an alpha wave?
9-14 CPS
27
Relaxed wakefulness that lasts up to 5 minutes:
NREM Stage One
28
Often in a hypnagogic state:
NREM Stage One
29
Often experience hallucinations or sensations of falling; body jerks unexpectedly:
NREM Stage One
30
Can carry a convo but forget it the next day:
NREM Stage One
31
Exhibit alpha waves:
NREM Stage One
32
Emit theta waves:
NREM Stage Two
33
This stage lasts about 20 minutes:
NREM Stage Two
34
Sleep spindles occur in this stage:
NREM Stage Two
35
K-Complexes occur in this stage:
NREM Stage Two
36
Large, high voltage waves that appear in response to outside stimuli:
K-Complexes
37
50% of sleep occurs in this stage:
NREM Stage Two
38
Emit delta waves:
NREM Stage Three
39
First cycle is 30 minutes and gets shorter as the night goes on:
NREM Stage Three
40
Temperature decreases and pulse slows:
NREM Stage Three
41
What happens in Stage Three? (4):
-Sleep walking -Teeth grinding -Bed wetting -Night Terrors
42
Which stage is the growth hormone secreted?
NREM Stage Three
43
Which stage do dreams/nightmares occur?
REM Stage Four
44
Which stage is known as paradoxical sleep?
REM Stage Four
45
What is paradoxical sleep?
Internally aroused but externally calm
46
Occurs 90 minutes after falling asleep and happens 5-6 throughout the night:
NREM Stage Four
47
Are beta waves emitted in Stage 4?
Yes
48
Which stage does sleep paralysis occur in?
REM Stage Four
49
Brainstem blocks communication between cerebral cortex and motor neurons so our bodies remain still during dreams:
Sleep Paralysis
50
How long does a full sleep cycle last?
90 minutes
51
How many full sleep cycles do you have every night?
5-6 cycles
52
List a full sleep cycle:
1, 2, 3, 2, REM 2, 3, 2, REM, 2, 3, 2 REM, 2, REM
53
We spend ___ of our lives asleep:
1/3
54
Infants sleep ____ hours a day; ____ of that time is in REM:
16; half
55
Young adults sleep _____ hours a day with about ____% REM sleep:
7-8; 25%
56
Old people sleep about __ hours with ___% REM:
6; 15%
57
When you get little sleep one night, you spend more time in REM sleep the next night:
REM Rebound
58
REM sleep plays a role in ____ and ____:
Leaning; Memory
59
Body builds up sleep debt for up to 2 weeks:
Sleep Deprivation
60
What day has the most accidents?
Daylight Savings Spring Foward
61
Tiny periods of sleep that don't actually help the body but seem to help one "get through":
Microsleep
62
Sleep protects and helps us recover, restore, and repair brain and body tissure:
Restorative Theory
63
Sleep helps us remember because it provides our brains with time to restore and rebuild fading memories:
Memory Consolidation Theory
64
Sleep provides the body with time to grow because the pituitary gland releases the growth hormone while one is asleep:
Growth Theory
65
We sleep at night because it is safer and more functional (evolutionary perspective):
Adaptive Non-Responding Theory
66
Periodic sleepiness at any time for a short period of time:
Narcolepsy
67
Persistent problems in falling or staying asleep:
Insomnia
68
Getting or needing too much sleep:
Hypersomnia
69
Stop breathing during sleep for a few seconds or more:
Sleep Apnea
70
What is sleep apnea connected with?
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
71
Cause sudden arousal from sleep with intense fear:
Night Terrors
72
Which stage do night terrors occur in?
Stage 3
73
Somnambulism:
Sleep walking
74
Somniloquy:
Sleep talking
75
What runs in families and occur during stages 1-3?
Sleeptalking

AP Psychology (42 decks)

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