Genetics (Unit 11)

Question 1

A long threadlike structure made largely of DNA molecules:

Answer 1

Chromosome

Question 2

__ pairs of ___ total:

Answer 2

23; 46

Question 3

Chromosome pairs 1-22:

Answer 3

Autosomes

Question 4

Found both in men and women but men have one and women have two:

Answer 4

X Chromosome

Question 5

When paired with the X chromosome from the mother, a male child is produced:

Answer 5

Y Chromosome

Question 6

Presence of 3 copies of the autosome 21:

Answer 6

Down Syndrome

Question 7

-Typically have a round head and flat nasal bridge
-Poor muscle tone and coordination
-Intellectually Disabled

Answer 7

Down Syndrome

Question 8

Females who have only one X sex chromosome; typically short, webbed, fingers, sterile, learning impaired:

Answer 8

Turner Syndrome

Question 9

Males arise from an XXY zygote, have feminine characteristics, normally mentally impaired; occurs on eout of every 900 males:

Answer 9

Klinefelter Syndrome

Question 10

Taller than usual, moderate to sever acne, homosexual behaviors, impulsive, more prevalent

Answer 10

XYY Males

Question 11

A segment of DNA containing the code for a particular protein or trait; determines individuals’ biological inheritance:

Answer 11

Genes

Question 12

Subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes:

Answer 12

Molecular Genetics

Question 13

Study of environmental influences of gene expression that occur without a DNA change:

Answer 13

Epigenetics

Question 14

The expression of the genes:

Answer 14

Phenotype

Question 15

The genetic makeup of an individual:

Answer 15

Genotype

Question 16

The biochemical letters that form the building locks of DNA:

Answer 16

Nucleotides

Question 17

A (______) and T (______) pair:

Answer 17

Adenine and Thymine

Question 18

C (______) and G (______) pair:

Answer 18

Cytosine and Guanine

Question 19

A change in the order of the DNA bases and is the source of all genetic diversity:

Answer 19

Mutation

Question 20

Controls the appearance of a certain trait:

Answer 20

Dominant Genes

Question 21

Degeneration of the nervous system:

Answer 21

Huntington’s Disease

Question 22

Controls the appearance only if paired with another recessive gene:

Answer 22

Recessive Genes

Question 23

Progressive loss of nervous function in a baby that becomes obvious around 6 months of age when a baby can’t sit up:

Answer 23

Tay-Sachs Syndrome

Question 24

Synthesize or store melanin and involves abnormal nerve pathways to brain:

Answer 24

Albinism

Question 25

Severe, irreversible brain damage because infant cannot digest amino acid which builds up and poisons the nervous system cells:

Answer 25

PKU

Question 26

The spiraling complex molecule containing genetic information that makes up the chromosomes:

Answer 26

DNA

Question 27

The complete instructions for making an organism:

Answer 27

Genome

Question 28

The study of how genetic differences within a species are related to behavior differences:

Answer 28

Behavior Genetics

Question 29

Proportion of variation of a trait due to genetics:

Answer 29

Heritability

Question 30

Used to learn about the effects of environment on behavior:

Answer 30

Twin Studies

Question 31

Develop from a single zygote that splits in two, creating two genetic replicas:

Answer 31

Identical Twins

Question 32

Develop from separate zygotes, no more similar than brothers and sisters:

Answer 32

Fraternal Twins

Question 33

Prenatal development and the newborn beings the moment of _____:

Answer 33

Conception

Question 34

Three phases of gestation prior to birth:

Answer 34

1. Zygote 2. Embryo 3. Fetus

Question 35

The fertilized egg; enters a two week period of rapid cell division:

Answer 35

Zygote

Question 36

Developing human organism from 2 weeks through the 8 weeks:

Answer 36

Embryo

Question 37

The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth:

Answer 37

Fetus

Question 38

Result in weaker child who is susceptible to disease:

Answer 38

Malnutrition

Question 39

Harmful chemicals or viruses that reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm:

Answer 39

Teratogens

Question 40

Cause physical abnormalities along with low birth weight and cognitive impairment:

Answer 40

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Question 41

Palms are touched and the baby grasps tightly:

Answer 41

Grasping

Question 42

Cheek is stroked or the side of the mouth is touched and the baby turns toward the source and sucks:

Answer 42

Rooting

Question 43

Mouth is touched by an object and the baby sucks the object:

Answer 43

Sucking

Question 44

There is a sudden movement or loud noise and the baby startles, thrusts arms out, then pulls them back in:

Answer 44

Moro

Question 45

Infant is held upright with feet touching the ground and the baby moves its feet in a walking motion:

Answer 45

Stepping

Question 46

The sole of the foot is stroked and the baby splays toes and twists foot in:

Answer 46

Babinski

Question 47

The ball of the foot is stroked and the baby curl its toes under:

Answer 47

Plantar

Question 48

Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation:

Answer 48

Habituation

Question 49

Sequential biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior:

Answer 49

Maturation

Question 50

Growth is influenced by ____ and _____ factors:

Answer 50

Genetic and Environemntal

Question 51

______ skills develop parallel to ____ development:

Answer 51

Motor; Brain

Question 52

Motor development proceeds from ____ motor skills to _____ motor skills:

Answer 52

Gross; small

Question 53

Gross Motor Skill: Lifts Head Fine Motor Skill: Grasps rattle briefly

Answer 53

4-8 Weeks

Question 54

Gross Motor Skill: Lifts self by arms, rolls from side to back Fine Motor Skill: Glances from object to another

Answer 54

8-10 Weeks

Question 55

Gross Motor Skill: Sits with support Fine Motor Skill: Carries object to mouth, can hold two object

Answer 55

16-18 Weeks (4 Months)

Question 56

Gross Motor Skill: Sits w/out support Fine Motor Skill: Transfer object from hand to hand

Answer 56

5-7 Months

Question 57

Gross Motor Skill: Crawls Fine Motor Skill: Pincer Grasp

Answer 57

7-9 Months

Question 58

Gross Motor Skill: Stands and walks holding on Fine Motor Skill: Pushes car along, hits cup with spoon, shows hand preference, scribbles with crayon

Answer 58

10-12 Months

Question 59

Gross Motor Skill: Stands alone, walks alone Fine Motor Skill: Builds up to 3 cube towers, opens book, turn 2-3 pages at a time

Answer 59

12-18 Months

Question 60

Gross Motor Skill: Runs, jumps, climbs Fine Motor Skill: Turns single pages, cuts with scissors

Answer 60

2-3 Years

Question 61

Refers to whether someone experiences the self as a male or female:

Answer 61

Gender Identity

Question 62

Behaviors, traits, and attitudes associated with males and females:

Answer 62

Gender Role

Question 63

The process of learning the roles associated with the distinctions between males and females in a culture:

Answer 63

Gender Typing

Question 64

A study in which people of different ages are compared with one another:

Answer 64

Cross-Sectional Study

Question 65

A study in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period:

Answer 65

Longitudinal Study