Intelligence (Unit 8) Flashcards by Tifanie Mulcahy

Q

The capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges:

A

Intelligence

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Q

Believed intelligence is inherited which is called heritability - believed to be 50-80% of intelligence:

A

Sir Francis Galton

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Q

Suggested eugenics:

A

Sir Francis Galton

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Q

Promote reproduction for highly intelligent and potential sterilization for those with “less desirable traits”:

A

Eugenics

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Q

Popularized the phrase “nature and nurture”:

A

Sir Francis Galton

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Q

People paid to receive his assessment of their IQ:

A

Sir Francis Galton

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Q

What did Galton base people’s IQ on? (4)

A

Reaction Time
Sensory Acuity
Muscular Power
Body proportions

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Q

Felt people’s mental abilities can be quantitatively measured:

A

Sir Francis Galton

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Q

Was asked to distinguish between students unwilling to learn and those unable to learn:

A

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon

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Q

Created separate norms for students according to their chronological age:

A

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon

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Q

Implied intelligence is relative to age:

A

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon

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Q

They assumed that all children follow the same course of intellectual development:

A

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon

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Q

Created mental age:

A

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon

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Q

Learned toward an environmental explanation to why a child is “slow” or average:

A

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon

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Q

Founded modern intelligence testing:

A

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon

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Q

Stanford University professor who imported Binet’s work in 1911 after Binet’s death:

A

Lewis Terman

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Q

Revised Binet’s test and called the new test the Stanford-Binet:

A

Lewis Terman

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Q

U.S. used Terman’s test during WWl to test recruits:

A

Stanford-Binet Test

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Q

Used to support the Immigration Restriction Act of 1924:

A

Stanford-Binet Test

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Q

Took Terman’s test to derive the Intelligence Quotient (IQ):

A

William Stern

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Q

Mental age divided by chronological age X 100:

A

IQ

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Q

Average IQ:

A

100

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Q

Created the G factor:

A

Charles Spearman

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Q

Factor that underlies the specific mental abilities and is measured on every task on an intelligence test:

A

General Intelligence or G Factor

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Statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test:

Factor Analysis

Created a series of age-based intelligence tests:

David Wechsler

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children ages:

6-16 (most used IQ test)

Yale professor who created the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence:

Robert Sternberg

What is assessed in intelligence tests:

Analytical Intelligence (problem solving)

Use experience to foster insight and adapt to novel situations:

Creative Intelligence (different experiences)

Ability to read and adapt to everyday life:

Practical Intelligence (street smarts)

G factor does not underlie all intelligence; it comes in multiple forms:

Howard Gardner

Created the Multiple Intelligence Theory:

Howard Gardner

Reading, writing, telling stories, memorizing dates, thinking in words:

Verbal Linguistic

Math, reasoning, logic, problem-solving, patterns:

Logical Mathematical

Reading maps, charts, drawing, mazes, puzzles, visualization:

Visual Spatial

Athletics, dancing, acting, crafts, using tools:

Bodily-Kinesthetic

Singing, picking up sounds, remembering melodies, rhythms:

Musical Rhythmic

Understanding people:

Interpersonal

Understanding self:

Intrapersonal

Understanding nature:

Naturalist

_____ notes that brain damage may diminish one type of ability but not others:

Gardner

Passion and perserverance in the pursuit of long-term goals:

Grit

Ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions:

Emotional Intelligence

Created Emotional Intelligence:

Daniel Goleman

Some believe Emotional Intelligence is more ____ in our present day world than traditional cognitive views:

Valuable

How fast people can retrieve info from memory influences IQ:

Processing Speed

How fast one can take in info determines if you score:

Perceptual Speed

Brain response is faster with those with higher IQ's:

Neurological Speed

Measures one's capacity for learning:

Aptitude Test

Measures what one has already learned:

Achievement Test

Define a person's score by comparing the performance to a pre-tested "standardized" group; needs to be tested on a large representative body and administered and scored the same way:

Standardization

Bell shaped curve where scores fall near average and few lie in the extremes:

Normal Curve

The extent to which a test yields to consistent results and can be assessed 3 ways:

Reliability

Scores on two halves of the test are compared:

Split-Half

Varying versions of the test are given and results are compared:

Alternative Form

The same test is re-administered and results are compared:

Test-Retest

The ______ the correlation between the two scores, the higher the test's reliability:

Higher

Test measures or predicts what it is supposed to:

Validity

The extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest:

Content Validity

The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict:

Predictive Validity

1. Crystallized Intelligence 2. Fluid Intelligence 3. Short-term Memory:

Stanford-Binet Test

Learned knowledge (verbal and quantitative reasoning):

Crystallized Intellignece

Crystallized Intelligence _____ with age - peak at 50

Increases

Cognitive abilities that require speed and rapid processing:

Fluid Intelligence

Fluid Intelligence ____ with age - peak at 30:

Decreases

1. Contains both a verbal scale and a performance scale 2. Has shown that IQ at age 4 is a strong prediction for IQ at age 18:

WISC/WAIS

Score 2 standard deviations below the mean:

Intellectually Disabled

Score 2 standard deviations above the mean:

Intellectually Gifted

Score 4 standard deviations above the mean:

Genius

_____ tests are a better predictor of ID or gifted:

Wechsler's

1. Difficulty reading 2. Reverse numbers, letters, or words 3. Poor writing skills 4. Trouble remembering 5. Easily distracted and frustrated 6. Disorganized and clumsy

Characteristics of Learning Disabled

Can self-care, hold job, may live independently, form social relationships:

Mild (IQ 55-70)

May self-care, hold menial job, function in assisted living environments:

Moderate (IQ 35-45 and 50-55)

Limited language and self care, lack social skills, require care:

Severe (IQ 20-34)

Require complete care:

Profound (IQ under 20)

Factors that Influence Intelligence: 1. _______ _______ during pregnancy 2. _____ defects 3. Difficulties in the _____ ______ 4. ______ _______ after birth 5. _____-______/_______

1. Mother's actions 2. Gemetoc 3. Birth Process 4. Stimulation Environment 5. Head-Start/Preschool

Observed when tests were renormed, more questions were needed to be answered correctly to earn the same score:

Flynn Effect

IQ scores have risen steadily by an average of ___ ponts:

27

Why are tests scores rising? 1. Better ______, _____ ____, and ____ 2. Smaller _____ 3. Better _____ 4. Increased ______

1. Nutrition, Health Care, Technology 2. Families 3. Parenting 4. Education