30. Senses

Question 1

What are the 5 senses

Answer 1

Sight
Hearing
Touch
Taste
Smell

Question 2

Rods vs. Cones
Light it detects
When it works
Location

Answer 2

Rods
Light it detects: Black and white
When it works: Dim light
Location: All over retina (R for rods and retina!!!)
Cones
Light it detects: Coloured light (C for cones and coloured!!!)
When it works: Bright light
Location: Fovea

Question 3

Size of pupil in bright vs. dim light

Answer 3

bright- small pupil as more light available
dark-big pupil as less light available
pupil lets light into the eye so will change in size due to light entering the eye

Question 4

Why does the pupil appear black

Answer 4

Does not absorb light, it passes light in to be absorbed by the retina

Question 5

Labeling the eye

1. Outside part of eye
2. Second layer
3. Third layer on inside
4. thin layer at front of eye
5. thicker part in front of eye
6. Coloured part
7. Space inbetween coloured part
8. Muscle
9. Connects lens to muscle
10. Lens
11. Liquid in front of eye
12. Liquid at back of eye
13. Part going to brain
14. Spot just on top of 13
15. Spot at back of eye near 13

Answer 5

1. Sclera
2. Chloroid
3. Retina
4. Conjunctiva
5. Cornea
6. Iris
7. Pupil
8. Ciliary muscle and body
9. Suspensory ligaments
10. Lens
11. Aqueous Humour
12. Vitreous humour (A before V)
13. Optic nerve
14. Blind spot
15. Fovea

Question 6

Function of sclera

Answer 6

Maintains shape of eyeball (S for shape and sclera)

Question 7

Function of Chloroid

Answer 7

Contains blood vessels which supply eye with nutrients and oxygen

Question 8

Function of Retina

Answer 8

contains rods and cones/ receptor cells

absorbs light

Question 9

Function of Conjunctiva

Answer 9

Thin transparent layer which protects the cornea

Question 10

Function of Cornea

Answer 10

Front transparent part of sclera. Focuses light rays on retina

Question 11

Function of Iris

Answer 11

Controls amount of light entering the eye

Question 12

Function of Pupil

Answer 12

Lets light into the eye

Question 13

Function of Ciliary muscle/body

Answer 13

Controls shape of lens

Question 14

Function of Suspensory ligament

Answer 14

Attach ciliary body to the lens and holds the lens in place

Question 15

Function of Lens

Answer 15

Focuses light rays of retina

Question 16

Function of Aqueous humour

Answer 16

watery liquid supplies lens and cornea with nutrients and keeps shape

Question 17

Function of Vitreous humour

Answer 17

Maintains shape of eye-Gel

Question 18

Function of Optic nerve

Answer 18

Carries impulses to brain

Question 19

What is the blind spot

Answer 19

Contains no receptors so therefore is not sensitive to light. Exit point for optic nerve

Question 20

Function of Fovea

Also called

Answer 20

Focuses the image and area of sharpest vision

Also called yellow spot

Question 21

Functions of ear

Answer 21

Hearing and balance

Question 22

Label parts of ear

Answer 22

Outer: Pinna, Ear canal, Eardrum
Middle: Hammer, Anvil, Stirrup (ossicles), Oval window, Eustachian tube, Air
Inner: Semi circular canals, Auditory nerve, Cochlea, Fluid

Question 23

Function of outer ear parts

Answer 23

Pinna: Outer visible ear, funnels sound into the ear canal. Made of cartilage
Ear canal: Carries sound to the ear drum. It has hairs and wax glands to trap dirt and germs.
Ear drum: membrane of skin which vibrates and passes sound into the middle ear

Question 24

Middle Ear functions

Answer 24

Ossicles: 3 small bones which amplify sound
Oval window: Stirrup pushes up against this and vibrates causing the fluid in the inner ear to vibrate
Eustachian tube: Keeps air pressure equal on each side of the eardrum , preventing damage to the ear from changes in pressure

Question 25

Inner Ear Functions

Answer 25

``` Cochlea: Sound vibrations pass through the fluid here and convert sound vibrations to electrical impulses Auditory nerve (cochlear): Picks up electrical impulses and sends the impulse to the brain allowing us to hear. Semi circular canals: Balance and posture ```

Question 26

How do we hear (process)

Answer 26

Pinna passes sound toward the eardrum which then vibrates. In turn this vibrates the ossicles which amplify the sound. The stirrup pushes the oval window moving the fluid inside the ear. Special hairs in the cochlea detect the movement and convert it to electrical impulses and send signals to the brain along the auditory nerve. The brain then interprets these as sounds which we hear.

Question 27

Ear defect Causes Treatment

Answer 27

Causes: Overproduction of sticky fluid n the middle ear due to blockage of the eustachian tube. Fluid restricts movement in the ear drum and ossicles therefore effecting hearing Treatment: Unblock the eustachian tube with drops. Grommets (inserted by surgery) allowing air into the middle ear forcing the fluid down the eustachian tube

Question 28

Label parts of skin 1. Top layer 2. Second layer 3. Bottom layer 4. frog prints 5. frog thumb 6. muscle on hair 7. Hair 8. Gland on hair 9. Curly worly (a. opening, b. middle, c. extra curly) 10. Blood vessels

Answer 28

1. Epidermis 2. Dermis layer 3. Adipose tissue 4. Touch receptors 5. Temperature sensors 6. Erector muscle 7. Hair follicle 8. Sebaceous gland 9. Sweat (a)pore, (b) duct, (c) gland. 10. Capillaries

Question 29

Epidermis layer parts and function

Answer 29

Top: Cornified layer, Middle: Granular layer Bottom: Malpignan layer Function: Acts as barrier to prevent entry of pathogens

Question 30

Function of Adipose tissue

Answer 30

Contains fat cells which provides insulation and protection

Question 31

1. Malpignan function 2. Granular layer function 3. Cornified layer 4. Overall functions of Epidermis

Answer 31

1. Contains melanin-gives skin colour, protects against UV rays, gives freckles when concentrated. Divides to form new epidermis cells. Dead cells move to granular layer 2. Adds keratin to the dead cells to harden them, now known as cornified cells and move to cornified layer 3. Cornified cells flake off. They become dead as no blood vessels 4. Makes Vitamin D

Question 32

Dermis layer function

Answer 32

Protection- has receptors to detect temperature and touch. Excretion-sweat glands Strength-collagen

Question 33

Sebaceous gland produces importance

Answer 33

Produces: Oil called sebum Importance: Keeps skin moist and stops it drying out

Question 34

Temperature regulation in skin: If hot

Answer 34

1. Sweat is produced 2. Skin turns red as blood vessels dilate and bring blood to surface. This brings blood away from the bodys core (vasodilation) 3. Hair follicles lie down- dont trap air so dont keep in heat

Question 35

Temperature regulation in skin: If cold

Answer 35

1. Shivering occurs-produce energy and therefore heat 2. Hair stands up trapping air and heat. Due to erector muscle contracting (Piloerection) 3. Skin doesnt go red-blood vessels constrict to prevent blood flow to surface so keeps heat near the bodys core. (Vasorestriction)

Question 36

What does 1. Vasorestricion 2. Vasodilation 3. Piloerection mean

Answer 36

1. Blood vessels restricting to keep in heat 2. Blood vessels dilating to bring heat to surface 3. When the erector muscle contracts to make hair stand up

Question 37

Overall skin function

Answer 37

1. Prevent pathogen entry:epidermis 2. Protection: Dermis, Adipose layer 3. Insulation: Adipose 4. Temperature regulation: Blood vessels, hair follicle 5. Acts as a sense organ

Question 38

Parts of tongue

Answer 38

Front=Sweet Middle=Salt Middle=Sour Back=Bitter