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Biology > 33. Defence System > Flashcards

33. Defence System Flashcards

1
Q

Human Defence system function

A

Defends and fights against pathogens

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2
Q

Pathogen def.

A

A disease causing organism

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3
Q

Immunity def.

A

Ability to resist infection

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4
Q

Characteristics of general immunity

A
  1. Doesn’t produce any antibodies
  2. Non specific- acts on all pathogens
  3. Defends by stopping entry and attacking
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5
Q

Methods of general immunity

Barriers

A
  1. Skin-physically stops pathogens entering, has sebaceous glands which secretes sebum to kill bacteria
  2. Platelets prevent entry of pathogens if skin is broken by clotting the blood and forming a scab.
  3. Tears, Sweat and Saliva-enzyme lysozome attacks bacteria walls
  4. Acid- HCL in stomach kills pathogens
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6
Q

Methods of general immunity

Attack-WBC

A
  1. WBCs called phagocytes and monocytes carry out phagocytosis-where pathogen is engulfed by monocyte/phagocyte and killed
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7
Q

Methods of general immunity

Attack- Proteins

A
  1. Complement:produces holes in wall of pathogen causing it to fill with fluid and burst. (complimentary wafer thin mint-bursts)
  2. Inferon: Makes cells surrounding infected cell immune to viral pathogen, stopping spread of pathogen.
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8
Q

Methods of general immunity

Inflammatory response

A

Infected cells release chemicals causing capillaries to dilate, causing swelling, redness, heat.
Attracts WBCs to the area resulting in further inflammation and heat, restriction of reproduction of bacteria and viral cells as environment doesn’t support bacterial and viral growth.

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9
Q

Specific defence system def.

A

Part of our immune system that attacks particular pathogens

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10
Q

Specific defence system characteristics

A

Produces antibodies.
WBCs attack the pathogen
Attacks particular/specific pathogens

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11
Q

Antibody
biomolecule
produced by
attacks what

A

biomolecule: protein
produced by: lymphocyte
attacks antigens

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12
Q

Antigen def.

A

(g for germ)
Antigens are any foreign molecule that stimulates the production of antibodies.
eg. Bacterial cell walls, viral coats, foreign cells, cancerous cells

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13
Q

Specific defence system

Monocyte-how it defends

A
  1. Recognises and engulfs antigens-phagocytosis, develops into phagocytes/macrophages
  2. Displays these antigens on its surface stimulating antibody production
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14
Q 
SDS
Lymphocytes- T-type
Where produced and matured
types
Once activated go to
A

Produced: Bone marrow
Matured: Thymus
Types: 4 (helper, killer, memory, suppressor)
Once activated go to: Lymphatic system

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15
Q 
SDS
Lymphocytes- B-type
Where produced and matured
types
Once activated go to
A

Produced: Bone marrow
Matured: Bone marrow
Types: 2 (plasma, memory)
Once activated: Lymphatic system

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16
Q

SDS

B lymphocytes types

A
  1. Plasma: Meets antigen, produces antibodies, which attach to antigen, antigen now recognisable and can be killed by T-cells or Monocytes
  2. Memory: plasma cells that dont take part in the first defence. Remain in body to recognise the antigen if it reenters the body, allowing it to react quicker.
17
Q

SDS

T lymphocytes

A
  1. T-helper: Stimulate the production of B cells and T killer cells
  2. T-killer: secrete chemical perforin causes pores on antigen, causing water to enter and it bursts.
  3. T-Suppressor: Stops immune response after pathogen destroyed. Prevents over reacting
  4. T-memory: Form during first response but stay in body, intercept antigens quicker and provide quicker response.
18
Q

Induced Immunity def.

A

Ability to resist infection by the production of antibodies to specific antigens

19
Q

Explain passive (induced) immunity

A

Has not been affected by the pathogen/antigen

Individual is given antibodies produced by another organism

20
Q

Explain Active (induced) immunity

A

Has been infected by pathogen/antigen

Production of ones own antibodies to an antigen that has entered their body.

21
Q

Example of natural and artificial passive immunity

A

Natural: Baby given antibodies from breastmilk
Artificial: given antibodies by injection

22
Q

Example of natural and artificial active immunity

A

Natural: When pathogen enters body and individual produces antibodies in response.
Artificial: When a pathogen is medically introduced into the body- given vaccination

23
Q

Vaccination def.

A

Non disease causing dose of pathogen which stimulates the production of antibodies

24
Q

Organs specific to Immune system

A

Tonsils
Thymus
Lymph node
Spleen

25
Q

Antibody def.

A

Protein produced by lymphocytes in response to an antigen

Biology (43 decks)

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