The Heart Flashcards
Learn about the heart and the processes involved (47 cards)
Draw the heart
see diagram
why do we need a circulatory system
to transport materials around the body.
what is transported
oxygen, waste products (Co2, urea), food (glucose,vitamins,minerals,amino acids)
what does circulatory system consist of?
blood, blood vessels, heart
label diagram of heart
see notes
describe pathway of blood through heart
vena cava, right atrium, tri cuspid valves, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, left atrium, bicuspid valve, left ventricle, aorta.
Difference between right and left side
Right side is thinner, has to contract and pump blood to only one place that is close (lungs). Left is thicker, has to contract and pump blood all over body. Right has deoxygenated blood, left has oxygenated blood.
what is the function of the septum?
it separates the right side from the left.
function of the heart
It is a pump which pushes the blood all over the body.
location of the heart
between lungs and chest. in the thorax cavity
what is the heart made up of?
cardiac muscle. Never tires but can’t regenerate itself after dying. Only regenerates with CPR
which vessel supplies the heart with blood?
the coronary artery. these branch from the aorta just above the semi lunar valves
Describe the two types of circulatory systems
Open circulatory system: heart pumps blood into vessels that are open ended. Eg. Insects
Closed circulatory system:heart pumps blood in a continuous system of blood vessels. Eg. Humans
Describe the process in an open circulatory system
Blood arrives at cell through artery from heart.
Leaves the blood vessel and enters cell. The blood and cell exchange materials. (O2 and CO2)
Blood leaves cell back up vein to heart.
Describe closed circulatory system.
Blood arrives to cell from heart via artery.
Remains in blood vessel.
Materials diffuse from blood into cells via capillaries and vice versa.
Blood returns to heart via a vein.
Advantages of a closed circulatory system
Blood can be pumped faster so nutrients delivered faster.
Blood flow rate to different organs can be changed if needed. Eg. Blood flow increased to legs during exercise.
Name the two types of circuits in a human.
Systematic circuit: blood exchanged between heart and body cells
Pulmonary circuit: blood exchanged between heart and lungs
Advantages of having a double circulation system
Separates oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood.
Blood pressure can be kept high enough to reach all parts of the body.
Name the types of organisms that don’t have a circulatory system
how they transport materials
Why circulation system not needed
Small organisms
Eg. Amoeba
Transport materials in and out of cells by diffusion.
Cells are only a few cells thick therefore diffusion is effective.
What is blood pressure
The force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as it pumps blood.
Importance of blood pressure
If stays high over time it can damage the body.
Greater force on arteries so heart is under more pressure.
Diseases caused by high blood pressure
Coronary heart disease,
Heart failure,
Stroke,
Kidney failure
How blood pressure measured and the average
Blood pressure monitor. 2 readings Average: 120/80 Top- when ventricles are contracting Bottom- when ventricles are relaxed
If over 95- high BP- hypertension
Lifestyle habits that effect circulatory system
1. Smoking
- Nicotine increases the heart rate and blood pressure. Bigger workload on heart, so muscle strained.
- CO2 reduces the amount of O2 carried by the blood. So blood has to be pumped harder as less O2 in it.
- Other chemicals in tobacco increase the chance of clots, so less circulation.
