Chapter 3 Food

Question 1

Function of food

Answer 1

Energy
Growth and repair
Metabolism
Continuity

Question 2

chemical elements in food (6)

Answer 2

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Sulphur

Question 3

Salts found in food (5)

Answer 3

Sodium, Na
Magnesium, Mg
Chlorine, Cl
Potassium, K (key under pot)
Calcium, Ca

(Super man parties crazily) (S for salt!!)

Question 4

Trace elements in food (3)

Answer 4

Iron, Fe
Copper, Cu
Zinc, Zn

Question 5

Biomolecule def.

Answer 5

Chemicals made inside living things usually composed of carbon.

Question 6

Major biomolecule a found in food (4)

Answer 6

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Vitamins

Question 7

Carbohydrate
Sources
Function
Elements
Types

Answer 7

Sources: potatoes, rice etc.
Function: immediate source of energy, cellulose forms cell walls.
Elements: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (C6 H12 O6)
Types: monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

Question 8

Monosaccharides
Characteristics
Examples
Source

Answer 8

Characteristics: 1 sugar mol., soluble in water, sweet
Eg. Glucose- in sweets
Fructose- fruit

Question 9

Disaccharides
Characteristics
Examples
Source

Answer 9

Characteristics: 2 sugar mol., soluble, sweet
Examples: sucrose-sugar
Lactose-milk

Question 10

Polysaccharides
Characteristics
Examples
Source
Functions

Answer 10

Characteristics: many sugar mol., not soluble, not sweet.
Examples: starch, cellulose, glycogen
Source: bread, cereal etc
Functions:
Starch- stored by plants
Glycogen- carb. Stored by animals-liver and muscles
Cellulose- makes cell walls

Question 11

Fibre
Source
Functions

Answer 11

Source: whole grain food
Function: healthy digestion
Provides roughage
Prevent constipation

Question 12

Lipid
Sources
Function
Structure
Elements
Types

Answer 12

Sources: butter, oil, cream etc.
Function: insulation, form membranes, long term source of energy.
Structure: fatty acids and glycerol
Elements: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Types: triglycerides and phospholipids

Question 13

Triglycerides structure

Answer 13

Smallest lipid

3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol mol.

Question 14

Phospholipid structure

Answer 14

1 glycerol molecule, 2 fatty acids, 1 phosphate

Question 15

Protein
Sources
Elements
trace elements

Answer 15

Sources: lean meat, fish, nuts, eggs
Elements: Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen.
Trace: sulphur, phosphorous, iron

Question 16

Protein structure

Answer 16

Long chains of amino acids.
Joined by peptide bonds.
Forms polypeptide chains
20 types of amino acid.
Each protein own sequence of amino acids.
3D shape, 2 different shapes

Question 17

Protein shape types

Answer 17

1: Fibrous: little/no folding- long fibres, strong and tough
Eg. Keratin(hair and nails), myosin(muscles)

2. Globular: lot of folding-round
   Eg. Albumen (egg white)

Question 18

Protein 
Functions
Main
Structural
Metabolic

Answer 18

Main: growth and repair of cells, makes enzymes, hormones, antibodies

Structural:
Combine with phospholipids to form cell mem. (Lipoprotein)
Hair and nails (keratin)
Muscles (myosin)

Metabolic:
Hormones: regulate body functions.
Eg. Insulin controls amount of glucose in blood.
Enzymes: control digestion and respiration.

Question 19

Vitamins
Function
Vit. Needed
Sources
Different types(2)

Answer 19

Function: keep us healthy
Needed: ABCDEK
Sources
A- green leafy veg, eggs,
B- lean meat, nuts
C- citrus fruit, green veg
D- milk and sun
E-fish, nuts
K-green leafy veg.

Types: Fat soluble ( ADEK) and water soluble(BC)

Question 20

Vitamin C
Source
Function
Type

Answer 20

Source: citrus fruit
Function: prevents scurry, makes connective tissue, healthy gums, teeth, skin.
Type: water soluble

Question 21

Vitamin D
Source
Function
Type

Answer 21

Source: milk and sunlight
Functions: prevents rickets/ osteomalacia, strong bones and teeth, used to absorb calcium
Type: fat soluble

Question 22

Minerals Functions

Answer 22

Functions: form bones, muscles, body fluids, haemoglobin.

Question 23

Minerals animals need (2)

Source, use, symbol

Answer 23

1. Calcium
   Source: dairy products, almonds
   Use: healthy bones and teeth
   Symbol: Ca
2. Iron
   Source: red meat, green veg, liver
   Use: makes haemoglobin, prevents anaemia.
   Symbol: Fe

Question 24

Minerals plants need(2)

Source, use, symbol

Answer 24

1.Calcium
Source: absorbed from soil,
Use: cell walls
Symbol: Ca

2. Magnesium
   Source: absorbed from soil
   Use: makes chlorophyll
   Symbol: Mg

Question 25

Water function and importance

Answer 25

Makes up cytoplasm and blood.
Gives cells shape by moving in and out of cells.
Good solvent
Good absorber of heat. Regulates body temperature.