19 - Pharmacology

Question 1

Examples of non-receptor targets of drugs

Answer 1

✦ Ion channels e.g. Ca2+ channels
✦ Enzymes e.g. cyclo-oxygenase
✦ Carrier molecules e.g. serotonin uptake
✦ DNA

Question 2

Receptor definition

Answer 2

A receptor is a biological macromolecule or complex
that binds another molecule and initiates or modulates
signalling or effector activity within a cell.

Question 3

Difference between agonist and antagonist

Answer 3

A ligand that binds to a receptor and activates it is an
agonist. A ligand that binds to a receptor without
activating it will act as an antagonist.

Question 4

Beta-adrenoceptor
1)
2)
3)

Answer 4

1) GPCR
2) Responsive to adrenaline, noradrenaline
3) Stimulatory in some tissues (cardiac), inhibitory in others (bronchial muscle)

Question 5

Artificial selective beta-adrenoceptor agonist

Answer 5

Isoprenaline

Question 6

Artificial selective beta adrenoceptor antagonist

Answer 6

Propanolol

Question 7

Timescale of ligand-gated ion channels

Answer 7

Miliseconds

Question 8

Example of a ligand-gated ion channel

Answer 8

Nicotinic ACh receptor (Na+ channel)

Question 9

Timescale of GPCR

Answer 9

Seconds

Question 10

Example of a GPCR

Answer 10

Muscarinic ACh receptor

Question 11

Kinase-linked receptors common substrates

Answer 11

Serine, tyrosine

Question 12

Kinase-linked receptor timescale

Answer 12

Hours

Question 13

Example of kinase-linked receptor

Answer 13

Cytokine receptors

Question 14

Nuclear receptor timescale

Answer 14

Hours

Question 15

Example of GPCR that isn’t on cell surface

Answer 15

Rhodopsin

Question 16

Examples of effectors linked to GPCR

Answer 16

Ion channel, enzyme, transporter or regulator of gene transcription

Question 17

Functional antagonism

Answer 17

Two different mechanisms oppose each other

Question 18

Example of a tyrosine kinase receptor

Answer 18

Growth hormone receptor

Question 19

Different types of nicotinic receptors

Answer 19

Nm are on muscles

Nn are in autonomic ganglia, CNS

Question 20

Where are Beta1 adrenoceptors?

Answer 20

Mostly in heart

Question 21

Where are beta2 adrenoceptors?

Answer 21

Bronchi, some blood vessels

Question 22

Examples of diseases from receptor polymorphism
1)
2)

Answer 22

1) Androgen insensitivity - androgen receptor

2) Malignant hyperthermia - RyR r