20 - More Pharmacology

Question 1

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

Effect of the body on the drug

Question 2

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 2

Effect of the drug on the body

Question 3

Effect of the body on the drug

Answer 3

Pharmacokinetics

Question 4

Effect of the drug on the body

Answer 4

Pharmacodynamics

Question 5

Digitalis

Answer 5

Inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase.
This increases Ca2+ entry into cardiac muscle which increases cardiac stimulation.
Too much leads to cardiac arrhythmias.

Question 6

Why is the therapeutic window small for digitalis?

Answer 6

The desired effect and adverse effect are the same.

Question 7

Prenalterol

Answer 7

Beta1 selective agonist

Question 8

Example of a beta1 and 2 agonist

Answer 8

Isoprenaline

Question 9

Example of a beta1 agonist

Answer 9

Prenalterol

Question 10

Can affinity be inferred from dose-response curve?

Answer 10

No.

Question 11

What can be inferred from a dose-response curve?

Answer 11

Potency of a drug, maximum effect of a drug.

Question 12

Isoprenaline vs prenalterol on a dose-response curve for tachycardia

Answer 12

Isoprenaline is more portent, has a greater maximum effect (100% vs ~70%)

Question 13

Characterisation of different agonist types

Answer 13

Maximum possible effect - full agonist

Less-than -maximum possible effect - partial agonist

Question 14

Beta2 adrenoceptor partial agonists

Answer 14

Salbutamol

Prenalterol

Question 15

Example of an opiate receptor partial agonist

Answer 15

Buprenorphine

Question 16

Isoprenaline and prenalterol have similar affinities for beta1 adrenoceptors. Why is the potency so different?

Answer 16

Isoprenaline has a greater innate pharmacological efficacy

Question 17

Measure of potency

Answer 17

EC50 (effective concentration of 50% response).

The lower the EC50, the more potent the drug.

Question 18

Pharmacological efficacy

Answer 18

The ability of a drug to stimulate a receptor

Question 19

Clinical efficacy

Answer 19

The strength of beneficial effect of a drug

Question 20

Inotropic

Answer 20

Affecting force of muscle contractions

Question 21

Name for when a drug can have maximum effect without binding to all possible receptors

Answer 21

Spare receptors