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1Principles of Biomedicine - MD1 > 132 - Joints of Upper Limb 2. Elbow & Radioulnar Joints > Flashcards

132 - Joints of Upper Limb 2. Elbow & Radioulnar Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Type of joint that elbow joint it

A

Hinge joint.

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2
Q

Type of joint that radio-ulner joint is

A

Pivot joint

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3
Q

Part of humerus that radius articulates with

A

Capitulum

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4
Q

Part of humerus that ulna articulates with

A

Trochlea

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5
Q

Part of elbow joint that prevents hyperextension

A

Olecranon, from ulna

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6
Q

Fossa on humerus that ulna fits into during flexion

A

Coronoid fossa that coronoid (on ulna) fits into.

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7
Q

What limit lateral movement of elbow joint?

A

Medial and lateral collateral ligaments

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8
Q

What join the medial epicondyle on the elbow?

A

Superficial flexors of the forearm.

Medial collateral ligament

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9
Q

What join the lateral epicondyle on the elbow?

A

Superficial extensors of the forearm.

Lateral collateral ligament

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10
Q

Location of insertion of biceps

A

Antero-medial part of proximal radius

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11
Q

Elbow complex
1
2

A

• Elbow joint
• Proximal radioulnar joint
- both joints share one synovial cavity

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12
Q

Location of elbow complex capsule

A

Goes above fossae on humerus.

Attaches anteriorly above radial articulation.

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13
Q 
Things that reinforce elbow joint
1
2
3
4
5
A 
Ligaments:
-collateral
-medial/ ulnar (MCL)
-lateral/ radial (LCL)
-annular*
-attachment between
LCL & annular ligament permits pronation/ supination
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14
Q

*Things that reinforce elbow joint

A

ELBOWCOMPLEX

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15
Q

Ligaments that allow pronation and supernation of forearm

A

Lateral collateral ligament and annular ligament

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16
Q

How do the lateral collateral ligament and annular ligament allow pronation and supernation of forearm?

A

Lateral collateral ligament attaches to annular ligament (which is on the ulna)

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17
Q

Non-communicating bursa in elbow

A

Olecranon bursa

18
Q

Stability of elbow joint

A

Very stable

19
Q

Angles of joints in the elbow

A

Medial epicondyle, olecranon process, lateral epicondyle are all in alignment.

At flexion these form an isosceles triangle

20
Q

Valgus displacement of forearm

A

At extension, forearm is angled at about 15 degrees to arm.

This disappears in flexion.

21
Q

What happens if there is an increase in valgus angle of forearm?

A

Puts additional tension on structures on medial aspect of elbow.
EG: Ulnar nerve

22
Q

Name for interior of elbow

A

Cubital fossa

23
Q

Where does brachial artery split?

A

At head of radius, in cubital fossa (into radial and ulnar arteries)

24
Q

What fill fossae in elbow when not occupied by bone?

A

Fat pads

25
Q

Effect of annular ligament on elbow capsule in flexion

A

Makes capsule bend laterally with flexion

26
Q

Types of epiphyses in elbow

A

Traction epiphyses

27
Q

Radio-ulnar joints
1
2

A

Two synovial picot joints.

1) Superior RU Joint - Within elbow complex
2) Inferior RU joint - With triangular fibrocartilaginous complex (disc)

28
Q

Ligament around which radio-ulnar joint rotates

A

Annular ligament on ulnar

29
Q

Reason for direction of fibres in interosseous membrane in radioulnar joint
1
2

A

1) Provide sites of attachment for deep flexor and extensor muscles in forearm.
2) Transmit force from radius to ulnar

30
Q

What separates ulnar bone from articulating with the wrist?

A

Triangular interosseous disc

31
Q

Quadrate ligament

A

Vestigial ligament in the radio-ulnar interosseous membrane

32
Q

Relationship between fractured radius and ulnar bones

A

If one is fractured, the other normally fractures

33
Q

Effect of age on triangular interosseous ligament in wrist

A

Disc increasingly perforated with age (7% in 3rd decade, 50+% in 6th decade)

34
Q

Pronator muscles
1
2

A

1) Pronator teres (power pronation)

2) Pronator quadratus (more fine movement)

35
Q

Supinator muscles

A

Biceps brachii

36
Q

‘Student’s elbow’

A

Olecranon bursitis (in elbow)

37
Q

Pulled elbow

A

Annular ligament is weaker in children.

Pulling on a fully-extended elbow can pull the radial head out of annular ligament

38
Q

Most common direction of elbow dislocation

A

Posterior

39
Q

Volkmann’s ischaemia

A

When a supracondylar fracture occurs (on humerus), brachial artery can be endangered.
Stretch, spasm of brachial artery can lead to ischaemia of forearm musculature.

40
Q

Structure at risk when there is a fracture of the medial epicondyle

A

Ulnar nerve

41
Q

On which bone is the annular ligament located?

A

Radius

1Principles of Biomedicine - MD1 (157 decks)

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