Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1Principles of Biomedicine - MD1 > 28 - Haematology - Blood and Anaemia > Flashcards

28 - Haematology - Blood and Anaemia Flashcards

1
Q

-paenia

A

Not enough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Too many red cells

A

Polycythaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Too many white cells in blood

A

Leukocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Too many platelets in blood

A

Thrombocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Red cells not functioning properly

A

Dyserythropoiesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

White cells not functioning properly

A

White cell function defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Platelets not functioning properly

A

Platelet function defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is anaemia measured?

A

By measuring haemoglobin, not red cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is anaemia defined?

A

Hb count below what is normal for age and gender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Most important equation in haematology

A

Tissue oxygen delivery
Cardiac output x [Hb] x % saturation of Hb x 1.34
L/min x g/L x mL/g x 1.34 = mL/minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q 
Clinical signs of anaemia
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
A

1) Pale
2) Lethargic
3) Failure to thrive (in children)
4) Hypoxia
5) Ischaemia
6) Tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Important factor to consider when deciding whether to give a blood transfusion

A

Cardiac compensation. If heart rate is very high, then transfuse quickly, as can’t sustain very high heart rate for long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why don’t you ventilate anaemics with O2?

A

Saturation of Hb is already high, there just isn’t enough Hb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Normal amount of Hb in blood

A

120-140g/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Thing to be careful of when reading Hb content of blood result

A

Whether the lab measures Hb per L or per decilitre (will make normal either 120-140 or 12-14)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q 
Full blood examinations 
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
A

1) Hb
2) Red cell count (RCC)
3) Haematocrit (Hct)
4) Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
5) Mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH)
6) Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
7) Red cell distribution width (RCDW)
8) Platelet count
9) White cell count
10) Blood film

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

RCC

A

Red cell count.
Measures red cell concentration in blood.
Normal is 4.5-5x10^12/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hct

A

Haematocrit.

Analyses proportion of blood that is cellular.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

MCV

A

Mean corpuscular volume
Flow cytometry of RBC.
Gets mean size of RBC

20
Q

MCH

A

Mean corpuscular haemoglobin

Dissolve RBCs, only leaving Hb. Measure amount of Hb, average it for number of dissolved RBCs

21
Q

RCDW

A

Red cell distribution width

Distribution of RBC size around MCV

22
Q

Blood film

A

Observe blood under a microscope and examine cell morphology

23
Q

Two broad types of anaemia

A

Regenerative and non-regenerative

24
Q

More dangerous type of anaemia

A

Regenerative. Indicates that something is killing blood cells once they have been made (bone marrow is working properly). Can very quickly drop [RBC]

25
Q

Signs of increased blood cell production

A

Reticulocytes, polychromasia (from immature Hb)

26
Q

Signs of increased blood cell destruction
1)
2)
3)

A

1) Jaundice (increased serum bilirubin)
2) Haptoglobins (pick up extracellular Hb)
3) Lactate dehydrogenase (pick up extracellular Hb)

27
Q

Amount of blood in neonates

A

~80mL/Kg weight

28
Q

How often are red cells replaced?

A

~120 days

29
Q

White cell normal blood concentration

A

2-6 x 10^9/L

30
Q

How often are white cels replaced?

A

Every 3-5 days

31
Q

Normal platelet concentration

A

150-400 x 10^9

32
Q

How often are platelets replaced?

A

Every 10 days

33
Q

Basic causes of anaemia
1)
2)
3)

A

1) Failure of production
2) Increased destruction/loss
3) Inappropriate production

34
Q 
Classifications of anaemia
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
A

1) Regenerative
2) Non-regenerative
3) Microcytic
4) Normocytic
5) Macrocytic

35
Q

What can compensate for bone marrow problems with haematopoiesis?

A

Liver and spleen can begin making blood cells again.

Results in enlarged liver and spleen

36
Q

Proportion of haematopoietic marrow that is fat

A

~50% fat spaces

37
Q

Cell giving rise to blood cells

A

Pluripotent stem cell (haematopoietic stem cell)

38
Q

How are pluripotent stem cells in bone marrow identified?

A

They can’t be ID’d yet

39
Q

How are blood cells retained in bone marrow when there is blood flowing through it?

A

They express different adhesion molecules at different stages of development. EG: when RBCs are fully developed, they stop expressing adhesion molecules

40
Q

Examples of haemopoietic growth factors

A

GM-CSF, thrombopoietin, erythropoietin

41
Q

Most common reason for adult iron deficiency

A

Bleeding (EG: in gut)

42
Q

Most common childhood reason for iron deficiency

A

Diet problem

43
Q

Role iron plays in blood function

A

Haemoglobin function

44
Q

Vitamin B12 function in blood

A

Important in development of all cells

45
Q

Where does red marrow retract to from childhood to adulthood?

A

To axial skeleton

1Principles of Biomedicine - MD1 (157 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions