370: Trauma Flashcards
(39 cards)
What is included in a Primary Assessment?
A = Airway with simultaneous c-spine protection B = Breathing (supplemental oxygen) C = Circulation with D = Disability (neuro status) E = expose/environmental controls (remove clothing + keep warm)
What is included in a Secondary Assessment?
F = Full set of Vitals, Focused adjuncts (cardiac monitoring, urinary catheter, gastric tube), Family presence
G = Give comfort (verbal, pharmacological, and pain management)
H = History + Head-to-toe
I = Inspect posterior surfaces
What is included in a Trauma Panel and Diagnostics?
- CBC
- Electrolytes
- BUN
- Creatinine, Amylase, Lipase
- PT, PTT
- Blood type + crossmatch
- Urinalysis (ethanol + tox screen)
- ABGs
- Lactate
- Imaging (X-ray, CT, US, FAST)
- ECG
Type of compression fracture with multiple pieces of bone
Burst fracture
Type of fracture with fragments out of normal position at fracture site
Displaced fracture
Type of fracture that is intact, caused by minor to moderate force applied directly to bone
Linear fracture
Type of fracture telescoped, one fragment driven into another
Impacted Fracture
Type of fracture results from twisting force
Spiral Fracture
Type of fracture occurs at 90-Degree angle to longitudinal axis of bone
Transverse Fracture
Type of fracture occurs approximately 45-Degree angle across longitudinal axis of bone
Oblique Fracture
Type of fracture where breaks across entire section of bone dividing it into distinct fragments, often displaced
Complete Fracture
Type of fracture where more than 1 fracture line, more than 2 bone fragments, fragments may be splintered or crushed
Comminuted Fracture
Type of fracture where fracture like extends in direction of bone’s longitudinal axis
Longitudinal Fracture
Type of fracture where bone fragments are torn away from the body of the bone at the site of attachment of a ligament or tendon
Avulsion Fracture
Type of fracture where fracture lines radiate from one central point
Stellate Fracture
An incomplete fracture in which one side of the cortex is broken and the other side is flexed but intact
Greenstick Fracture
How much blood is lost in a humerus fracture?
250mL
How much blood is lost for EACH pelvic fracture?
500mL
How much blood is lost for a Hemothorax?
2,000 mL PER LUNG CAVITY
Half of circulating blood
How much blood is lost for a femur fracture?
1000 - 1500 mL
What are primary indications for a Blood Transfusion?
- Blood loss > 20% (1000mL)
- Anemia not benefited from other treatments
- Clotting abilities or platelets are low
What are the 7 Ps of neuro vascular assessments?
- Pain
- Pallor
- Pulselessness
- Parathesia (sensory impairment/pins+needles)
- Paralysis
- Puffiness
- Poikilothermia (temp regulation)
What are complications of a musculoskeletal trauma?
- Nerve injury
- Fat emboli (SOB, Change in LOC, Petechial rash)
- DVT/PE
- Infection
Cast Syndrome
Spica casts (Body casts for hip dysplasia)
Vascular compression of duodenum causing bowel ischemia. Leads to hemorrhage and necrosis of bowel and gastric distension.