🌡NCLEX Lab Values Flashcards

1
Q

BLood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

8-25 mg/dL
(Kidney function)

LOW = liver failure, cirrhosis, over-hydration, nephrotic syndrome, starvation

HIGH = burns, low blood volume, dehydration, shock, HF, kidney disease, drug toxicity, post-renal obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Serum Creatinine (Cr)

A

0.6-1.3 mg/dL

LOW = muscle mass

HIGH = hypothyroidism, renal failure, urinary tract obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Glucose, fasting

A

70-110 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Glucose, monitoring

A

60-110 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Glucose, 2hr post prandial

A

<140 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)

A

7% or lower (good control of diabetes)
7% to 8% (fair control of diabetes)
Higher than 8 % (poor control of diabetes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Red Blood Cell Count (RBC)

A

Male adult: 4.5 – 6.2 million/mm3

Female adult: 4.5 – 5.0 million/mm3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hemoglobin (Hgb)

A

Male: 14-16.5 g/dL
Female: 12-15 g/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hematocrit (Hct)

A

Male: 42 – 52%
Female: 35 – 47%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

A

Male: 78 – 100 μm3
Female: 78 – 102 μm3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Serum iron

A

Male: 65 – 175 mcg/dL
Female: 50 – 170 mcg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

White Blood Cell (WBC) Count

A

4,500 to 11,000 cells/mm³

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Neutrophils

A

55 – 70%
or
1,800 - 7,800 cells/mm³

IMMUNE DEFENSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lymphocytes

A

20 – 40%
or
1,000 - 4,800 cells/mm³

INFECTION/antibody production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Monocytes

A

2 – 8%
or
0.0 - 800 cells/mm³

INFLAMMATION and stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Eosinophils

A

1 – 4%
or
0.0 - 450 cells/mm³

Parasitic infection, allergic rxn, paraneoplastic response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Basophils

A

0–2%
or
0.0 - 200 cells/mm³

Parasitic infection and allergic reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Platelet count (PLT)

A

150,000 - 400,000 cells/mm³

LOW (Thrombocytopenia) = hemorrhage, DIC, hypersplenism, hemolytic anemia, infection, leukaemia, lupus

HIGH (Thrombocytosis) = iron deficiency anemia, postsplenectomy syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)

A

20 to 60 seconds, depending on the type of activator used.

LOW = Early stages of DIC, Extensive cancer

HIGH = Congenital clotting factor deficiencies, DIC, Hemophilia, Heparin, Hypofibrinogenemia von Willebrand’s disease, Leukemia, Liver cirrhosis, Vitamin K deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Prothrombin time (PT)

A

11 – 13 seconds

LOW = too much Vitamin K

HIGH = Bile duct obstruction, DIC, hepatitis, Liver cirrhosis, massive blood transfusion, vitamin K deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)

A

25 – 35 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

International Normalized Ratio (INR)

A

> 1.5-2.0

LOW = blood too thick

HIGH = blood too thin, warfarin

23
Q

Fibrinogen

A

203 – 377 mg/dL

24
Q

Bleeding time

A

Duke method: 1 to 3 minutes

Ivy method: 3 to 6 minutes

25
D-Dimer
< 500 ng/mL HIGHER = Active blood clot DVT, PE, stroke, DIC
26
Potassium (K+)
3.5 – 5.0 mEq/L Hypokalemia = Ascites, Burns, Cushing’s syndrome, Cystic fibrosis, Deficient dietary intake, Deficient IV intake, Diuretics, insulin, Renal artery stenosis Hyperkalemia = Acidosis, renal failure, aldosterone-inhibiting diuretics, crush injuries, dehydration, excessive dietary intake, Hemolysis, infection, hemolyzed blood transfusion.
27
Sodium (Na+)
135-145 mEq/L Hyponatremia = AIDS, CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, excessive sweating, vomiting Hypernatremia = dehydration, dietary intake, DM, IV
28
Chloride (Cl-)
95 – 105 mEq/L Hypocloremia = Addison’s, diarrhea, metabolic alkalosis, resp acidosis, vomiting Hypercloremia = cardiac decompression, met acidosis, resp alkalosis, corticosteroids, uremia
29
Calcium (Ca+)
Total calcium: 4.5 – 5.5 mEq/L (8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL) Ionized calcium: 2.5 mEq/L (4.0 – 5.0 mg/dL) 56% of total calcium Hypocalcemia = prancreatitis, low Vit D, low PTH, chronic kidney issues, low mobility Hypercalcemia = hyperthyroidism, dec excretion, lithium, glucocorticoids, addisons
30
Phosphorus (P)
1.8 – 2.6 mEq/L (2.7 to 4.5 mg/dL) LOW = alcoholism, diarrhea, hypercalcemia, refeeding syndrome, vomiting, Vit D deficiency HIGH = cirrhosis, renal failure
31
Magnesium (Mg)
1.6 to 2.6 mg/dL Hypomagnesium = neuro excitability, limites intake, alcohol, malabsorption, glycemic issues Hypermagnesium = antacids, Addisons, Glomerular filtration insufficiency
32
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
Male: 10 to 55 units/L Female: 7 to 30 units/L Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) test is used to identify hepatocellular injury and inflammation of the liver. HIGH = cirrhosis, cholestasis, hepatitis, hepatic ischemia, mononucleosis, MI, myositis, pancreatitis, shock, severe burns
33
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)
Male: 10 – 40 units/L Female: 9 – 25 units/L
34
Total bilirubin
0.3 – 1.0 mg/dL ``` Direct bilirubin (conjugated): 0.0 to 0.2 mg/dL Indirect bilirubin (unconjugated): 0.1 to 1 mg/dL; Critical level: > 12 mg/dL ```
35
Albumin
3.4 to 5 g/dL Hypoalbuminemia = Acute liver failure, cirrhosis, increased capillary permeability, burns, malnutrition Hyperalbuminemia = dehydration, severe diarrhea, severe vomiting
36
Ammonia
35 – 65 mcg/dL (adult)
37
Amylase
25 to 151 units/L
38
Lipase
10 to 140 units/L
39
Protein
6 to 8 g/dL
40
Cholesterol
Less than 200 mg/dL
41
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
30 to 70 mg/dL
42
Low density lipoprotein (LDL)
Less than 130 mg/dL
43
Triglycerides
Less than 150 mg/dL
44
Creatine kinase (CK)
Male: 38 – 174 U/L Female: 26 – 140 U/L
45
Myoglobin
5–70 ng/mL
46
Troponin:
Troponin: Less than 0.04 ng/mL; above 0.40 ng/mL may indicate MI Troponin T: Greater than 0.1 to 0.2 ng/mL may indicate MI Troponin I: Less than 0.6 ng/mL; >1.5 ng/mL indicates myocardial infarction
47
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
22 to 27 pg/mL
48
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
less than 100 pg/mL
49
Thyroid function test
Triiodothyronine (T₃): 80 to 230 ng/dL Thyroxine (T₄): 5 to 12 mcg/dL Thyroxine, free (FT₄): 0.8 to 2.4 ng/dL Thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin): 0.2 to 5.4 microunits/mL
50
Urinalysis
Specific gravity: 1.016 to 1.022 pH: 4.5 to 7.8 ``` Protein: Negative Ketones: Negative Bilirubin: Negative Glucose: >0.5 g/day Red blood cells: < 3 cells/HPF White blood cells: < or = 4 cells/HPF ```
51
Therapeutic Drug Levels
Acetaminophen (Tylenol): 10 to 20 mcg/mL Carbamazepine (Tegretol): 5 to 12 mcg/mL Digoxin (Lanoxin): 0.5 to 2 ng/mL Gentamicin (Garamycin): 5 – 10 mcg/mL (peak); <2.0 mcg/mL (trough) Lithium (Lithobid): 0.5 to 1.2 mEq/L Magnesium sulfate: 4 to 7 mg/dL Phenobarbital (Luminal): 10 to 30 mcg/mL Phenytoin (Dilantin): 10 to 20 mcg/mL Salicylate: 100 to 250 mcg/mL Theophylline: 10 to 20 mcg/dL Tobramycin (Tobrex): 5 – 10 mcg/mL (peak); 0.5 – 2.0 mcg/mL (trough) Valproic acid (Depakene): 50 – 100 mcg/mL Vancomycin (Vancocin): 20 – 40 mcg/mL (peak); 5 – 15 mcg/mL (trough)
52
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2)
35 – 45 mmHg
53
Bicarbonate (HCO3)
22 – 26 mEq/L