4: Platyhelmites

Question 1

a large clade that contains almost all tripoblastic animals

Answer 1

bilateria

Question 2

2 subdivisions of bilateria

Answer 2

protostomes, deuterostomes

Question 3

5 protostomes

Answer 3

platyhelminthes
annelida
mollusca
nematoda
arthropoda

Question 4

2 deuterostomes

Answer 4

echinodermata
chordata

Question 5

3 bilateria clades

Answer 5

lophotrochozoa, ecdysozoa, deuterostomia

Question 6

protostome taxon that possess either a lophophore or a trochophore larva

Answer 6

lophotrochozoa

Question 7

crown of ciliated tentacles found near the mouth; used for feeding and respiration; in type of larva

Answer 7

lophophore

Question 8

• free-swimming larva with a ring of large ciliated cells in front of the mouth
• for locomotion, feeding
• annelids, molluscs have

Answer 8

trochophore

Question 9

• protostome
• consists of free-living and parasitic species
• dorsoventrally flattened bodies
• acoelomate

Answer 9

platyhelminthes (flatworms)

Question 10

rod-like structures that swell and form a protective mucous sheath

Answer 10

rhabdites

Question 11

epidermis of free-living flatworms

Answer 11

ciliated, dual-gland adhesive organs, rhabdites

Question 12

in ciliated epidermis of free-living flatworms for attaching to surfaces

Answer 12

dual-gland adhesive organs

Question 13

• epidermis of parasitic flatworms
• multiple nuclei w/in one cell membrane
• resistant to immune response

Answer 13

syncytial tegument

Question 14

Flatworm type:
- larvae ciliated and lose cilia once host is contacted
- nonciliated epidermis
- have syncytial tegument
- feed on host tissue

Answer 14

parasitic flatworms

Question 15

Flatworm type:
- either predators or scavengers
- use ciliated epidermis to glide across surfaces

Answer 15

free-living flatworms

Question 16

flatworms have a simple excretory system for waste fluids made up of ______

Answer 16

photonephridia

Question 17

in excretory system in flatworms that line tubules and direct waste

Answer 17

flagellated flame cells

Question 18

two organ systems that flatworms lack

Answer 18

respiratory, circulatory

Question 19

flatworm that develops both male and female organs during breeding season

Answer 19

turbellarian

Question 20

2 worms fight and attempt to stab each other w their penis to inseminate

Answer 20

penis fencing

Question 21

4 flatworm classes

Answer 21

turbellaria
monogenea
trematoda
cestoda

Question 22

Flatworm class:
- mostly free-living
- inhabit marine, freshwater, moist terrestrial
- tricladida/polycladida intestines
- move w combination of cilia and muscular movements

Answer 22

turbellaria

Question 23

intestines w 3 branches

Answer 23

tricladida

Question 24

intestines w more than 3 branches

Answer 24

polycladida

Question 25

Flatworm class: - internal parasites - life cycle involves primary and secondary hosts

Answer 25

trematoda (flukes)

Question 26

disease caused by trematode: - blood fluke w snails as primary host, humans secondary host - common in sub/tropical - contact w infested water allows larvae to enter skin

Answer 26

schistosomiasis

Question 27

- common in many east asian regions - inhabit bile ducts of humans, mammals - infect snail, then fish, then mammal - Clonorchis sinensis

Answer 27

Liver flukes

Question 28

Flatworm class: - all species parasitic - only have one host in life cycle - mainly external parasites of fish

Answer 28

monogenea

Question 29

in monogenetic flukes: large posterior attachment organ used to attach on host

Answer 29

opisthaptor

Question 30

Flatworm class: - internal parasites - no digestive system - lack specialized sense organs - adults lack external cilia - most need at least 2 hosts

Answer 30

cestoda (tapeworms)

Question 31

- in tapeworms - a structure w hooks and suckers for attaching to the host's gut - modification of posterior end; not a head

Answer 31

scolex

Question 32

- in tapeworms - segments that facilitate reproduction - detached to feces of host when mature - contain both M/F reproductive system

Answer 32

proglottids

Question 33

chain of proglottids

Answer 33

strobila

Question 34

adult tapeworms structures on external surface similar to microvilli; allow for more SA absorption

Answer 34

microtriches

Question 35

- most common tapeworm in humans - Juveniles live in intramuscular tissue of cattle, adults live in the human intestine - can reach 10m or more

Answer 35

Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm)

Question 36

- bear infective larvae that pass in feces - embryo can remain viable on grass for as long as 5 months

Answer 36

gravid proglottids

Question 37

common tapeworm: larvae develop in pig muscles then infect human intestines

Answer 37

Taenia solium (pork tapeworm)

Question 38

when pork tapeworm fertilized eggs are directly ingested by human rather than pig, larvae may infect brain, spinal cord, liver, muscles, eyes

Answer 38

cysticercosis

Question 39

- largest tapeworm that can infect humans - immature stages develop in fish or crustaceans, mature individuals live in mammal intestines

Answer 39

Diphyllobothrium latum (fish tapeworm)