6: Digestive System

Question 1

dietary habit; decaying matter

Answer 1

saprophagous

Question 2

animal that absorbs nutrients directly from their environments

Answer 2

tapeworms

Question 3

feeding on particles; ciliated surfaces draw food particles into the mouth

Answer 3

suspension feeding

Question 4

feeding on particles; form of suspension feeding;
animals use filtering devices to strain food from water

Answer 4

filter feeding

Question 5

feeding on particles; feeding on detritus found in substrates

Answer 5

deposit feeding

Question 6

disintegrated organic matter

Answer 6

detritus

Question 7

4 types of teeth

Answer 7

incisors
canines
premolars
molars

Question 8

type of teeth; cutting/biting

Answer 8

incisors

Question 9

type of teeth; piercing

Answer 9

canines

Question 10

type of teeth; grinding/crushing

Answer 10

premolars
molars

Question 11

modified teeth; incisors for defense, attack, and rooting

Answer 11

elephant tusks

Question 12

modified teeth; grow continuously throughout life and must be worn away

Answer 12

rodent incisors

Question 13

mechanical and chemical breakdown of food for absorption

Answer 13

digestion

Question 14

• occurs entirely w/in the cell
• food engulfed by phagocytosis
• broken down by enzymes
• only particles smaller than the cells can be digested

Answer 14

intracellular digestion

Question 15

cells lining cavity of alimentary organs secrete enzymes into the cavity to break down food

Answer 15

extracellular digestion

Question 16

breaks down food into absorbable units

Answer 16

digestive enzymes

Question 17

break down food by hydrolysis

Answer 17

hydrolytic enzymes

Question 18

food is typically moved via

Answer 18

cilia
musculature

Question 19

reception region structures for feeding

Answer 19

mouthparts, buccal cavity, pharynx, salivary glands

Question 20

___ from the salivary glands breaks down plant and animal starches

Answer 20

amylase

Question 21

• only found in vertebrates
• used for food manipulation, swallowing, chemosensing/taste

Answer 21

tongue

Question 22

trachea is closed by the ____

Answer 22

epiglottis

Question 23

many invertebrates have a ___ for storing food prior to digestion

Answer 23

crop

Question 24

• food goes down into this
• transports food to the digestive system

Answer 24

esophagus

Question 25

many invertebrates have a ___ for storing food prior to digestion; birds only vertebrates w it

Answer 25

crop

Question 26

- provides initial digestion, storage, food mixing - most vert, some invert - mechanical digestion of herbivores occurs here

Answer 26

stomach

Question 27

- uses stones, grit, or hardened linings to assist in mechanical digestion - in birds, terrestrial oligochaetes

Answer 27

gizzard

Question 28

animals do not have _____ and therefore cannot digest _____

Answer 28

cellulase; cellulose

Question 29

opening of stomach: esophagus to stomach

Answer 29

cardiac sphincter

Question 30

opening of stomach: stomach to small intestine

Answer 30

pyloric sphincter

Question 31

____ ____ produces enzymes and strong acids

Answer 31

inner lining

Question 32

main type of stomach cell: secrete mucus

Answer 32

goblet cells

Question 33

main type of stomach cell: secrete pepsinogen

Answer 33

chief cells

Question 34

main type of stomach cell: secrete hydrochloric acid

Answer 34

parietal cells

Question 35

____ is the precursor of the protease pepsin

Answer 35

pepsinogen

Question 36

- protease - cannot function until gastric juices acidifies - specifically targets large proteins - in nearly al verts

Answer 36

pepsin

Question 37

inward folding of the intestinal wall in oligochaetes

Answer 37

typhlosole

Question 38

tiny fingerlike projections of the intestinal wall (in birds/mammals)

Answer 38

villi

Question 39

- 1st region of s intestine - most chemical digestion - fatty acids absorbed

Answer 39

duodenum

Question 40

____ ____ and ____ enter the duodenum; both secretions raise pH

Answer 40

pancreatic juice; bile

Question 41

- 2nd region of s intestine - hydrolysis of nutrients continues - carbs and AA absorbed

Answer 41

jejunum

Question 42

- last part of s intestine - bile salts, vitamins absorbed - undigested food sent from here to colon

Answer 42

ileum

Question 43

organ for terminal digestion and absorption

Answer 43

small intestine

Question 44

2 organs for region of grinding and early digestion

Answer 44

stomach, gizzard

Question 45

organs in region of water absorption and concentration of solids

Answer 45

large intestine, anus, rectum

Question 46

- consolidates undigested food - water reabsorbed to form solid/semisolid feces for defecation

Answer 46

large intestine

Question 47

vertebrate ____ has large numbers of bacteria for degrading organic waste

Answer 47

colon

Question 48

- terminal end of L intestine - stores feces until defecation

Answer 48

rectum

Question 49

_____ pushes feces out

Answer 49

peristalsis

Question 50

opening through which feces are excreted

Answer 50

anus

Question 51

accessory organs: - largest intestinal organ in organs - aids in digestion of fat and detoxification of blood

Answer 51

liver

Question 52

- yellow-green liquid secreted by liver - no enzymes - allows fat droplets to be broken down into smaller droplets

Answer 52

bile

Question 53

pancreas secretes _____ _____ that aid in the digestion of proteins and carbs; contain enzymes

Answer 53

pancreatic juices

Question 54

pancreatic juice component: digest proteins

Answer 54

trypsin, chymotrypsin

Question 55

pancreatic juice component: removes AA from carboxyl ends of polypeptides

Answer 55

carboxypeptidase

Question 56

pancreatic juice component: hydrolyzes fats

Answer 56

pancreatic lipase

Question 57

pancreatic juice component: splits starch

Answer 57

pancreatic amylase

Question 58

- aids liver by strong bile and concentrating bile salts - secretes bile into duodenum

Answer 58

gallbladder