6: Terapods

Question 1

tetrapod that typically have aquatic young and semi aquatic or terrestrial adults

Answer 1

amphibians

Question 2

amphibian skin: smooth/moist modified for _____ _____

Answer 2

cutaneous respiration

Question 3

amphibians breathe w their ______ and _____

Answer 3

lungs and skin

Question 4

amphibians are ______ or cold-blooded

Answer 4

ectothermic

Question 5

many amphibians undergo ____; some species of salamander (axolotl) does not; some have no aquatic larval stage

Answer 5

metamorphosis

Question 6

3 modern amphibian orders

Answer 6

apoda
urodela
anura

Question 7

Modern amphibian order:
- caecilians
- limbless
- resemble earthworm w/ jawed mouth
- eyes slightly reduced/absent

Answer 7

apoda

Question 8

Modern amphibian order:
- newts/salamanders
- tailed amphibians

Answer 8

urodela

Question 9

terrestrial salamanders undergo ____ _____; some retain larval features into adulthood

Answer 9

direct development

Question 10

Modern amphibian order:
- frogs/toads
- no tail, gills in adulthood
- head+trunk fused
- rely more on lungs

Answer 10

anura

Question 11

tetrapod adapted for terrestrial environments

Answer 11

amniotes

Question 12

the _____ ____ protects the embryo from drying out and maintains a fluid filled enviro in amniotes

Answer 12

amniotic egg

Question 13

2 amniote lineages

Answer 13

sauropsids
synapsids

Question 14

sauropsid characterized by scaly skin
- most ectothermic
- most 3-chambered hearts

Answer 14

reptiles

Question 15

reptile skin have scales made of _____ and _____ _____ to prevent water loss; regularly shed to accomodate growth

Answer 15

keratin and waxy lipids

Question 16

this reptile has a 4-chambered heart

Answer 16

crocodilians

Question 17

3 extant reptile taxa

Answer 17

testudines
lepidosauria
archosauria

Question 18

reptilia class:
- turtles/ tortoises
- no teeth

Answer 18

testudines

Question 19

testudines use ____ ____ instead of teeth

Answer 19

keratinized plates

Question 20

2 part shell in testudines (dorsal; ventral)

Answer 20

carapace
plastron

Question 21

reptilia class:
- lizards/snakes
- some viviparous
- make up 95% of all extant species

Answer 21

squamata

Question 22

most squamata have a ____ ______: skull that has multiple movable joints

Answer 22

kinetic skull

Question 23

lizards are ______; snakes are ______

Answer 23

paraphyletic; monophyletic

Question 24

squamata:
- 4 limbs, short bodies, external ear opening
- movable eyelids
- vision keen for daylight

Answer 24

lizards

Question 25

squamata: - skull more kinetic than lizards - lack limbs, pelvic/pectoral girdles, eyelids - forked tongue - no external ears (chemical senses) - <20% venomous

Answer 25

snakes

Question 26

reptilia class: - tuataras - resembles lizards but share features w mesozoic diapsids - well-dev parietal eye - slow reproductive rate - only one living species in NZ

Answer 26

sphenodonta

Question 27

reptilia class: - robust jaw w teeth set in sockets - complete secondary palate - 4-chambered heart - intensive parental care

Answer 27

crocodilia

Question 28

allows crocodilia to breathe when mouth is full

Answer 28

complete secondary palate

Question 29

- extant clade of theropod dinosaurs - characterized by their feathers

Answer 29

birds

Question 30

all birds are _____ or "warm-blooded"; birds have a ____ chambered heart

Answer 30

endothermic; 4

Question 31

bird feathers: ______ have barbs that link together (reduce drag during flight); _______ do not interlock (insulation)

Answer 31

contour feathers; down feathers

Question 32

birds capable of flight have ____ ____: hollow bones that reduce weight

Answer 32

pneumatic bones

Question 33

mammals are characterized by _____ and _____ _____

Answer 33

hair; mammary glands

Question 34

hair is made up of ____ and typically aids in insulation; can be used as sensory mechanism (whiskers)

Answer 34

keratin

Question 35

______ ______ produce milk for feeding newborns

Answer 35

mammary glands

Question 36

3 mammal groups

Answer 36

monotremes marsupials eutherians

Question 37

- only mammal group that lays eggs - platypus; echidna

Answer 37

monotremes

Question 38

- mammals most raise their young in pouch - 2/3 in aus - kangaroos, wallabies, koalas

Answer 38

marsupials

Question 39

- placental mammals - most widespread - posses complex placenta attached to embryo - whales, dogs, primates

Answer 39

eutherians

Question 40

- mammals grasping fingers on all 4 limbs - flat fingernails instead of claws - forward-facing eyes allow binocular vision and depth perception

Answer 40

primates

Question 41

primates have a large ____ ____ (brain)

Answer 41

cerebral cortex

Question 42

humans are in the family ____ w chimpanzees, orangutans, bonobos and gorillas

Answer 42

hominidae