4.1 Natural Increase w/ Population Change

Question 1

Natural Increase

Answer 1

Difference between birth rate & death rate

Question 2

Carrying Capacity

Answer 2

The maximum number of people an area can support sustainably

Question 3

Optimum Population

Answer 3

• number of people that can be supported by the available resources of an area
• that the standard of living is maximized
• resources are used efficiently without causing environmental degradation.

Question 4

2014 India, China, USA
2050 India, China, USA

Answer 4

India - 1.3bn to 1.6bn
China - 1.3bn to 1.3bn
USA - 318m to 395m

Question 5

Factors Effecting Fertility?

Answer 5

Social/Cultural
- some religions e.g. Islam encourage large families & discourage contraception - Niger 80% Islam - high fertility rates

Economic
- LICs; seen as economic assets - e.g. work on farms 50% Niger GDP agriculture
- HICs; cost of living means lower fertility e.g. Tokyo highest cost of living = 0.99 fertility rate

Political
- Government incentives; benefits e.g. France
- Enforcement e.g. One child policy in China - 300,000million forced abortion 500,000million prevented

Education / Healthcare
- Wider knowledge of contraception
- Technology to prevent children

Question 6

Factors effecting mortality rates?

Answer 6

Healthcare
- better methods e.g. MRIs - ebola testing kits
- widespread

Nutrition
- improved knowledge + better education
- more widespread knowledge

Clean Water
- push for this, increase

Question 7

Why has population slowed

Answer 7

Socially
- More Women in work, enterred work force

Education
- More education on contraception

Better Healthcrae

Question 8

Age/Sex diagrams key features

Answer 8

• Apex
• Base
• Concave
• Convex
• bulges or booms

Question 9

Sex Ratio

Answer 9

Number of males per 100 females in a population
- usually 106 per 100 due to social and biological reasons

Question 10

Dependency Ratio

Answer 10

• % of dependant population (0-16, 65+)
• divided by the % of population who do work
• multiply by 100

Question 11

Limitations of dependency ratio

Answer 11

• age range doesn’t make sense; HICs people go to university some people retire before 65
• LICs children start working before 14