5.4 Management of International Migration

Question 1

Characteristics of Migrants ( International )

Answer 1

Young / Working age; 40 year old average
Male; 55%
Low Standard of Education; 12% Mexican have a degree
Labour Workers; low wage

Question 2

Pattern of Migration (International)

Answer 2

Distance Decay;
- 98% go to America - most stay in neighbouring states
- 37% California, 22% Texas

Chain;
- following family or other links = communities
- 1 immigrant sponsored 3.45 additional immigrants

MIC-HIC;
- $14,000 vs $67,000 Mexico vs USA average wage

Question 3

Causes of Migration (International)

Answer 3

Push
Gangs + Violence
- 2018 33,000 drug related homicides in Mexico

Economy / Covid
- Covid pushed 3.4 million people into poverty

Inequality
- top 30th most unequal globally
Pull
Wages
- $14,000 vs $67,000 (6x higher)

Chain
- 1 immigrant sponsoring 3.45 more

Question 4

Impacts on Host (international)

Answer 4

Positive
Economy; 4% GDP from mexican’s
Culture; tacos
Labour Market Gaps; 77% of farmer’s in the USA born in Mexico

Negative
Political Tensions; DJT ‘invasion’
Remittance $64bn in 2022
Wage Stagnation

Question 5

Impacts on source (international)

Answer 5

Positive
Remittance - $60bn 2022 - 4% GDP
Brain Gain - ppl inspired to work abroad
Less natural resources used

Negative
Brain Drain; 15% of Mexicans with PHD live in USA
Rural Depopulation; Santa Ines 2/3 population gone

Question 6

Obstacles for international migration

Answer 6

Border Control; 16,000 troops on border
Physical / Danger to Life; Rio Grande river = Senoran Desert = 7,500 dead since 1999
Cost of Journey - $9000 vs $2000 pre COVID

Question 7

Impact on International Migrant

Answer 7

Positive
- Cost; $9000
- Danger; $7500 dead
- Discrimination; 53%
- Exploitation; low wages unsafe work conditions