6.3 Changes in Urban Settlements

Question 1

Characteristics of CBD (London)

Answer 1

High Rises; 47 above 100m in Canary Wharf & City of London
Residency (very low); City of London 9,500 resident half a million jobs
Transport (high levels); CoL, several tubes including new Elizabeth line

Question 2

CBD Decline + example

Answer 2

Causes;
Suburbanisation, due to better transport
Deindustrialisation, loss of jobs in centre = depopulation + decline
Traffic Congestion, very hard to get around

Example London;
1930s -70s e.g. The great smog 52 killed 4,000

Question 3

How do CBDs change (to prevent decline)

Answer 3

Urban Renewal; With centre in decline & deprivation urban renewal helps bring that back - e.g. Dockland 1981 into Canary Wharf

Iconic Buildings; Attracts tourists therefore money e.g. The Gherkin & Walkie Talkie

Transport; to solve congestion has to be very good public transport; e.g. Elizabeth Line 2022 and DLR 1987

Urban Greening; Prevent smog and respiratory issues; ‘City Plan 2036’ all new developments require a greening element.

Manufacture; Decline, too expensive, better transport so no longer viable - deindustrialisation in London in the 70s & 80s - 17% of Ldn Jobs in 71 now just 2%

Question 4

Residential Change

Answer 4

Deindustrialisation and movement towards residential areas & more service based economy

Nine Elms 227 Hectares of brownfield land - regenerated into 18,000 new homes

Question 5

Residential Segregation (Different Types + Examples)

Answer 5

Age; Younger ‘Working age’ towards centre due to jobs etc… older people with families suburbs/outskirts - cheaper fits more requirements - example; average age in Tower Hamlets (which includes canary wharf) is 30 vs Surbiton & Richmond its 41

Income; Nine Elms, Rent increase 25% since Sep 2021 due to Northern Line extension has forced people out

Ethnicity; 1930s Baltimore ‘Residential Security Maps’

Culture; N Ireland vs Rep o Ireland