4.4 Management of Natural Increase

Question 1

History Of One child Policy China

Answer 1

1961 - Famine killed 30 million people; due to such high population
1964 - One child policy
2016 - Two child policy; didn’t change much due to cost of living
2021 - Three child policy

Question 2

How was one child policy Enforced

Answer 2

Forced Abortions
- 350 million forced abortions

Financially
- ‘social child raising fee’ - $206bn dollars collected
- if you have two children have to pay

Contraception
- 200million sterilisations used.
- contraception widely available mostly free

Question 3

Why was one child policy enforced

Answer 3

Population Growth;
- 1970s fertility rate was 6 children per woman
- 2.8% growth
- not sustainable lead to famine in 1961

Economic Growth
- One child = better education better job better for China financially

Famine
- 1961 30 million killed
- too many people to feed

Question 4

Successes of One Child Policy

Answer 4

Controlled population growth
- 500 million children prevented
- growth rate fell to 1.3%

Increased GDP per capita
- $300 to $10,000
- extreme poverty 88% to 2%

Women
- improved status due to not looking after kids
- women in work and education

Question 5

Failures of one child policy

Answer 5

Labour Force
- Decreasing for 940 million to 891 million

Ageing Population
- due to 4,2,1 structure
- very few children, big boom in working age
- so in a few years will be many old people - not many young

Gender Imbalance
- 105 men for 100 women
- due to social reasons