Chapter 2 - The Planting of English America, 1500-1733

Question 1

Henry VIII

Answer 1

English king that in addition to executing all of his wives, and broke from the Catholic Church and started the Anglican Church, or the Church of England.

Question 2

Queen Elizabeth

Answer 2

Protestant Queen that cemented England as a Protestant country.

Question 3

Catholic Ireland

Answer 3

Tried to secure help from Spain to overthrow their English rulers. The uprising was crushed ruthlessly by the English.

Question 4

Francis Drake

Answer 4

English “Sea Dog” who was essentially a pirate that worked for the English monarchy.

Question 5

Sir Walter Raleigh

Answer 5

English explorer who set up the first English settlement in the New World at Roanoke, in modern day North Carolina. Roanoke vanished mysteriously.

Question 6

Virginia

Answer 6

First colony, named for Queen Victoria. It was loosely defined geographically, and in theory stretched the whole way to California.

Question 7

Spanish Armada

Answer 7

Built to take down the English. Was lost in a disastrous storm, and marked the beginning of the Spanish slide. This loss also guaranteed the seas would be ruled by the English.

Question 8

Enclosure Movement

Answer 8

Time during the 1550s to 1600s that saw land owners fencing off the land, forcing many small farmers to either move to cities or the the New World. Was a push factor for settling the colonies.

Question 9

Primogeniture

Answer 9

Practice of giving all of the family land to the eldest son. Drove many second or third sons to look for new lands in America. Was a push factor for settling the colonies. Walter Raleigh and Francis Drake were two famous people affected by this law.

Question 10

Joint-stock company

Answer 10

Provided the money for English expedition to the New World, including the Virginia Company. Groups of investors could pool their money, and receive a portion of the profits.

Question 11

Virginia Company

Answer 11

Company founded to start the Settlement of Jamestown and Virginia in order to make money by finding gold and the Northwest Passage.

Question 12

Jamestown

Answer 12

First permanent English settlement, founded in 1606. The early years were a disaster, and the majority died of starvation or disease.

Question 13

John Smith

Answer 13

Credited with saving the Jamestown experiment by instituting the policy “He who shall not work shall not eat.” Was “saved” by Pocahontas.

Question 14

Powhatan

Answer 14

Chief of the native confederation surrounding the settlement of Jamestown.

Question 15

Pocahontas

Answer 15

Daughter of Chief Powhatan, was used in the symbolic ritual of “saving” John Smith from execution. Worked as a translator and intermediary between her tribe and the English.

Question 16

Starving Time

Answer 16

Winter of 1609-1610 in Jamestown. The population dwindled from 400 to 60 as crops and people died.

Question 17

Lord De La Warr

Answer 17

Military dictator who arrived in Jamestown in 1610. He instituted military rule, saved the colony and began brutal wars with the local natives until they relocated to the North.

Question 18

Powhatan’s Confederacy

Answer 18

Loose grouping of about a dozen native tribes in the Chesapeake region that were under the control of Powhatan. They were the first major recipients of European-led eradication.

Question 19

Anglo-Powhatan Wars

Answer 19

3 wars fought between English settlers of the Virginia Colony, and Indians of the Powhatan Confederacy in the early seventeenth century. First war lasted from 1610-14, the second from 1622-26, and the third and final war from 1644-46. After the last war, the Powhatans were considered an extinct tribe.

Question 20

John Rolfe

Answer 20

Credited with the first successful cultivation of tobacco as an export crop in the Colony of Virginia.

Question 21

Tobacco

Answer 21

The first cash crop grown in the New World, which single handedly saved the Jamestown experiment. The profits from tobacco spurred the use of first indentured servants and later African slavery.

Question 22

House of Burgesses

Answer 22

The first legislature anywhere in the English colonies in America was in Virginia.

Question 23

Lord Baltimore

Answer 23

Founder of Maryland colony. Was meant to be a safe harbor for Catholics in the New World.

Question 24

Indentured Servants

Answer 24

Indentured servitude was a labor system in which people paid for their passage to the New World by working for an employer for a fixed term of years. The lack of land and opportunity for freed indentured servants was the major cause of Bacon’s Rebellion.

Question 25

Act of Toleration

Answer 25

Passed by Maryland in 1649. Allowed toleration for ALL christian denominations in the colony, but punished Jews and atheists.

Question 26

West Indies

Answer 26

Group of European controlled island colonies in the Caribbean primarily used to grow sugar cane. African “chattel” slavery took hold in these islands, and accounted for a huge amount of the total slave trade.

Question 27

Sugar

Answer 27

Incredibly profitable plantation crop. Grew mostly in the Caribbean and Brazil, using African slave labor.

Question 28

Barbados Slave Code

Answer 28

A law passed by the colonial English legislature to provide a legal base for slavery in the Caribbean island of Barbados. Became the basis for slavery in the United States.

Question 29

Charles II

Answer 29

King of England after the “Restoration” that ended rule by Oliver Cromwell. The period of Cromwell’s rule had seen colony founding halt. Charles II brought it back, and increased government involvement.

Question 30

Rice

Answer 30

One of the first staple crops of the new colonies. It was mostly grown along the Carolina coasts, and was one of the first major importers of African slaves.

Question 31

Tuscarora

Answer 31

Native tribe of the Carolinas that was eventually defeated, and moved north to join the Iroquois Confederacy to become the sixth member.

Question 32

James Oglethorpe

Answer 32

Founder and governor of the Georgia colony. He ran a tightly-disciplined, military-like colony. Slaves, alcohol, and Catholicism were forbidden in his colony. Many colonists felt that Oglethorpe was a dictator, and that (along with the colonist’s dissatisfaction over not being allowed to own slaves) caused the colony to break down and Oglethorpe to lose his position as governor.

Question 33

The Iroquois Confederacy

Answer 33

Iroquois Confederacy, also called Iroquois League, Five Nations, or (from 1722) Six Nations, was a confederation of five/six Indian tribes across upper New York state that during the 17th and 18th centuries played a strategic role in the struggle between the French and British for mastery of North America

Question 34

Deganawidah

Answer 34

Along with Hiawatha, was a founder of the Iroquois Confederacy.

Question 35

Hiawatha

Answer 35

Along with Deganawidah, was a founder of the Iroquois Confederacy.

Question 36

Five Nations

Answer 36

Another name for the Iroquois Confederacy, including the nations of the Mohawks, the Oneidas, the Onondagas, the Cayugas, and the Senecas. Later the Tuscarora tribe joined.

Question 37

Handsome Lake

Answer 37

In 1799 Angelic figures in traditional Iroquois garb appeared to Handsome Lake and said that if the Iroquois did not mend their immoral ways then they would die out. He worked to revive old Iroquois customs and affirm family values, as well as forsake alcohol. He died in 1815, but his teachings live on in the form of the longhouse religion.