Chapter 26 - The Great West and the Agricultural Revolution, 1865

Question 1

Indian Territory

Answer 1

Present day Oklahoma; American Indians in the SE were forced to move there in the 1830’s

Question 2

Sioux

Answer 2

Native Americans in the Dakotas. Massacred Custer at Battle of Little Bighorn. Many were later massacred at Wounded Knee in 1890; Moved from the great lakes; transformed into nomadic traders and deadly buffalo hunters

Question 3

Great Sioux Reservation

Answer 3

The place where native americans were promised to be left alone with food and clothing by the federal government if they gave up their ancestral land. It was all a lie.

Question 4

Tenth Cavalry

Answer 4

a unit of the US army, African-American personnel on the frontier (one of the original “Buffalo Soldiers”)

Question 5

George Armstrong Custer

Answer 5

colonel and fought against Native Indians, wrote that Fetterman massacre “awakened a bitter feeling toward the savage perpetrators”, announced that he had discovered gold in the Sioux reservation, led the Seventh Cavalry: Americans wanted revenge for his humiliation

Question 6

Bozeman Trail

Answer 6

an overland route connecting the gold rush territory of Montana to the Oregon Trail. Its most important period was from 1863-1868

Question 7

Sitting Bull

Answer 7

Native american chief who inspired the Sioux tribes to fight against the american policies by uniting together in their struggle for survival on the Great plains.

Question 8

Battle of Little Bighorn

Answer 8

1876 Battle in the Black Hills of the Dakota Territory where Custer’s Seventh Cavalry was massacred when they attempted to suppress the Sioux and return them to their reservation. Crazy Horse led the Sioux in battle, and killed every one of Custer’s men. The Indians were later pursued over the plains and crushed in a series of battles.

Question 9

Chief Joseph

Answer 9

Leader of Nez Perce. Fled with his tribe to Canada instead of reservations searching for Sitting Bull. However, US troops came and fought and brought them back down to reservations where he surrendered his men.

Question 10

Buffalo Bill Cody

Answer 10

employed by the Kansas Pacific, and killed over 4,000 animals in 18 months

Question 11

Helen Hunt Jackson

Answer 11

children’s author from Massachusetts; wrote A Century of Dishonor (about the government ruthlessness in Indian dealings) and Ramona (a love story of injustice to the California Indians); inspired sympathy for them

Question 12

Ghost Dance

Answer 12

Spiritual revival in 1890 by Indians that would lead to the massacre at Wounded Knee

Question 13

Battle of Wounded Knee

Answer 13

A battle between the U.S. Army and the Dakota Sioux, in which several hundred Native Americans and 29 U.S. soldiers died. Tensions erupted violently over two major issues: the Sioux practice of the “Ghost Dance,” which the U.S. government had outlawed, and the dispute over whether Sioux reservation land would be broken up because of the Dawes Act. Ended the Indian Wars

Question 14

Dawes Act

Answer 14

dissolved many tribes as legal entities, wiped out tribal ownership of land, and set up individual Indian family heads with 160 free acres. If the Indians behaved like “good white settlers” then they would get full title to their holdings as well as citizenship. The Dawes Act attempted to assimilate the Indians with the white men; remained Indian policy until the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934

Question 15

Carlisle Indian School

Answer 15

1879 Government funded Indian school to educate and civilize the Natives; paid for by the proceeds of the Dawes act where indian lands were sold for railroads

Question 16

Indian Reorganization Act

Answer 16

“Indian New Deal” 1934 partially reserved the individualistic approach and belatedly tried to restore the tribal basis of Indian life, Government legislation that allowed the Indians a form of self-government and thus willingly shrank the authority of the U.S. government. It provided the Indians direct ownership of their land, credit, a constitution, and a charter in which Indians could manage their own affairs.

Question 17

Pike’s Peak

Answer 17

a mountain peak in the Rockies in Central Colorado where gold and silver were discovered…this led to a mad rush in the direction of this area; “59ers” “Pikes-Peakers”

Question 18

Comstock Lode

Answer 18

the first major U.S. discovery of silver ore, located under what is now Virginia City, Nevada, on the eastern slope of Mount Davidson, a peak in the Virginia Range. After the discovery was made public in 1859, prospectors rushed to the area and scrambled to stake their claims. Mining camps soon thrived in the vicinity, which became bustling centers of fabulous wealth

Question 19

Silver Senators

Answer 19

the Treasury injected the silver issue into American politics, representing the West, using influence to promote the interests of the silver miners

Question 20

Long Drive

Answer 20

Process in which Texas cowboys would drive herds of cattle thousands strong over the plains until they reached a railroad terminal, such as Dodge City, Abilene, or Cheyenne. Barbed fences slowed down this process.

Question 21

Wild Bill Hickok

Answer 21

a gunman who killed only in self-defense or in the line of duty, ordered the “cowtown” at Abilene; shot in the back of the head while playing poker

Question 22

Homestead Act

Answer 22

allowed a settler to acquire as much as 160 acres of land by living on it for 5 years, improving it, and paying a nominal fee of about $30. The Homestead Act turned out to be a cruel hoax because the land given to the settlers usually had terrible soil and the weather included no precipitation. Many homesteaders were forced to give their homesteads back to the government.

Question 23

Great American Desert

Answer 23

After the devastating 6-year drought in the West in the 1880s had destroyed farmers’ crops, “dry farming” took root on the plains. Once wheat was introduced to the West, it flourished. Eventually federally-financed irrigation projects caused this place to bloom

Question 24

John Wesley Powell

Answer 24

Explorer of the Colorado River’s learned that agriculture was impossible in the west due to little rain. His idea led to Great American Desert.

Question 25

Joseph F. Glidden

Answer 25

Perfected barbed wire, and solved the problem of how to build fences on the treeless prairies

Question 26

Boomers

Answer 26

50,000 settlers that legally entered Oklahmoa after the government supplied freed Indian land

Question 27

Sooners

Answer 27

who were illegally jumping the gun to enter the Oklahoma Territory, and had to be evicted repeatedly to federal troops

Question 28

Frederick Jackson Turner

Answer 28

United States historian who stressed the role of the western frontier in American history

Question 29

Yellowstone

Answer 29

Yellowstone - Signed into a national park in 1871 by Ulysses S. Grant, it is the first ever national park in the world, established in Wyoming, Montana and Idaho

Question 30

Francis Parkman

Answer 30

a historian and writer who wrote about the Oregon Trail

Question 31

George Catlin

Answer 31

sent out the first catalogue in 1872, changed the market and allowed for mail order more available than what they see in the stores

Question 32

Frederic Remington

Answer 32

First painted portraits of American Indian Life. First person to envision the idea of a national park; influenced Yellow Stone

Question 33

Montgomery Ward

Answer 33

sent out the first catalogue in 1872, changed the market and allowed for mail order more available than what they see in the stores

Question 34

Combine

Answer 34

increased the speed of harvesting wheat by the 1880s; The mechanization of farms brought about the idea that farms were “outdoor grain factories.”

Question 35

Deflation

Answer 35

The Farmers were chained to a one crop economy and deflation was inevitable. The reduction of general level of prices. There were not enough dollars to go around and prices were forced down.

Question 36

The Farmers’ Alliance

Answer 36

Founded in texas in the late 1870s farmers came together in alliance to socialize and break the grip of railroads and manufacturers through buying and selling.

Question 37

Mary Elizabeth Lease

Answer 37

The woman who demanded that Kansans should raise “less corn and more hell.”

Question 38

The Grange

Answer 38

Organized in 1867 by Oliver H. Kelly. He wanted to enhance the lives of isolated farmers through social, educational, and fraternal activities. The grange provided picnics and concerts to get farmers out of their homes.

Question 39

Cooperatives

Answer 39

A jointly owned commercial enterprise (usually organized by farmers or consumers) that produces and distributes goods and services and is run for the benefit of its owners. anarchist. an advocate of a political theory favoring the abolition of governments.

Question 40

Election of 1890

Answer 40

Election between Mckinley and William Jennings Bryan. Many new laws were passed and many states went democratic for the first time. Tariffs, trusts, and silver.

Question 41

Greenback-Labor Party

Answer 41

Party who wanted to increase circulation of paper money and formed by farmers. Combined inflationary appeal with a program for improving labor.

Question 42

James B. Weaver

Answer 42

A Granger who possessed a remarkable voice, and was elected for the Greenbackers. A favorite of civil war veterans.

Question 43

Coxey’s Army

Answer 43

Jacob S. Coxey set out with supporters and newspaper reporters to Washington. He was demanding that the government relieve unemployment by an inflationary public works program, supported by $500million in legal tender notes to be issued to the treasury.

Question 44

Eugene V. Debs

Answer 44

Man who organized the American Railway Union of about 150,000 members. PArt of the pullman strike.

Question 45

Pullman Palace Car Company

Answer 45

The company that maintained a model town near Chicago for its employees and was hit by a depression. Cut wages by one third, while holding the line on rent for the company houses.

Question 46

Mark Hannah

Answer 46

A hardcore Hamiltonian that believed the prime function of the government was to aid business. Became the personification of big industry in politics.

Question 47

William McKinley

Answer 47

Was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 25th President of the United States. McKinley led the nation to victory in the Spanish–American War, raised protective tariffs to promote American industry, and maintained the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of inflationary proposals.

Question 48

William Jennings Bryan

Answer 48

e was at the 1896 Democratic convention with his Cross of Gold speech that favored free silver, but was defeated in his bid to become U.S. president by William McKinley.

Question 49

Cross of Gold speech

Answer 49

Speech by William Jennings Bryan. He supported bimetallism or “free silver”, which he believed would bring the nation prosperity.

Question 50

Fourth Party System

Answer 50

The Fourth Party System is the term used in political science and history for the period in American political history from about 1896 to 1932 that was dominated by the Republican Party, excepting the 1912 split in which Democrats held the White House for eight years.

Question 51

Dingley Tariff Bill

Answer 51

The Dingley Act of 1897 introduced by U.S. Representative Nelson Dingley, Jr., of Maine, raised tariffs in United States to counteract the Wilson–Gorman Tariff Act of 1894, which had lowered rates.