Chapter 37 - The Eisenhower Era, 1952-1960

Question 1

IBM

Answer 1

“international business machines” expanded greatly during the sixties. They became the prototype for the dawning of the information age.

Question 2

Information Age

Answer 2

a period of time in the sixties when technology grew very quickly. A pocket calculator had more computing power than computers made in 40’s and 50’s.

Question 3

Ozzie and Harriet

Answer 3

a television show based in the fifties that depicted white collar american culture t the time. They depicted idyllic suburban families with a working husband, two children, and a wife who did not work outside the home.

Question 4

The Feminine Mystique

Answer 4

a book written by feminist Betty Friedan that was a bestseller and gave fuel to women’s feelings. This book sparked the modern women’s movement.

Question 5

Diner’s Club

Answer 5

the diner’s club introduced the first plastic credit card in 1949, which created an even bigger consumer culture at the time.

Question 6

McDonald’s

Answer 6

the first mcdonald’s was opened in 1948 in San Bernardino, California. Mcdonald’s was the beginning of the fast food industry.

Question 7

Disneyland

Answer 7

opened in 1955 in Anaheim California, disneyland was a new form of recreation that contributed to the new lifestyle in america.

Question 8

Television

Answer 8

a new technology that gave rapid rise during the 50’s and sixties. Critics complained that the “picture tube” was degrading the public’s aesthetic, social, moral, political, and educational standards.

Question 9

Elvis Presley

Answer 9

born in mississippi in 1935, he transformed popular music for the generation of baby boomers. He created a new musical idiom known as rock and roll. Traditionalists were repelled by presley.

Question 10

Marilyn Monroe

Answer 10

a movie star with an ingenuous smile and mandolin-curved hips, helped to popularize new standards of sensuous sexuality.

Question 11

Playboy

Answer 11

Magazine first published in 1955 that also helped spread sensuous sexuality.

Question 12

The Affluent Society

Answer 12

a series of books published by john Kenneth Galbraith, who questioned the relation between private wealth and public good. His books went mostly unheard in the affluent 1950’s/

Question 13

Adlai E. Stevenson

Answer 13

a nominated democrat in the presidential election of 1952. He was a eloquent and idealistic governor of illinois.

Question 14

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Answer 14

the most popular candidate of the 1952 presidential election. He won the election with 33,936,234 votes.

Question 15

Checkers Speech

Answer 15

the checkers speech saved nixon’s candidacy. It also showed the power of television, giving candidates the ability of speaking to their voters.

Question 16

Joseph McCarthy

Answer 16

a republican senator from wisconsin. He attacked many political figures claiming they were communist. He created a lot of fear within the US until he verbally attacked the US army. He ended up dying of chronic alcoholism.

Question 17

Jim Crow Laws

Answer 17

jim crow laws governed all aspects of existence of african americans from the schoolroom to the bathroom. These laws made african americans politically powerless, economically inferior, and kept them isolated from whites.

Question 18

Emmett Till

Answer 18

Murdered in 1955 for whistling at a white woman by her husband and his friends. They kidnapped him and brutally killed him. his death led to the American Civil Rights movement.

Question 19

Jackie Robinson

Answer 19

The first African American player in the major league of baseball. His actions helped to bring about other opportunities for African Americans.

Question 20

NAACP

Answer 20

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Major player in gaining civil rights for blacks.

Question 21

Thurgood Marshall

Answer 21

an American jurist and the first African American to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States. Before becoming a judge, he was a lawyer who was best remembered for his high success rate in arguing before the Supreme Court and for the victory in Brown v. Board of Education. He was nominated to the court by President Lyndon Johnson in 1967.

Question 22

Rosa Parks

Answer 22

United States civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery (Alabama) and so triggered the national civil rights movement (born in 1913)

Question 23

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Answer 23

In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal.

Question 24

Martin Luther King Jr.

Answer 24

U.S. Baptist minister and civil rights leader. A noted orator, he opposed discrimination against blacks by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass demonstrations. He was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. Nobel Peace Prize (1964)

Question 25

Earl Warren

Answer 25

controversial Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (1953-1969); he led the Court in far-reaching racial, social, and political rulings, including school desegregation and protecting rights of persons accused of crimes; presided over the Brown v. the Board of Education case

Question 26

Brown v. Board of Education

Answer 26

court found that segregation was a violation of the Equal Protection clause; “separate but equal” has no place

Question 27

All Deliberate Speed

Answer 27

The Supreme Court declared segregation to be ended with all deliberate speed.

Question 28

Little Rock Central High School

Answer 28

Eisenhower sent 10,000 National Guardsmen and 1,000 paratroopers to so blacks could enroll after desegregation.

Question 29

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Answer 29

Churches linked together to inform blacks about changes in the Civil Rights Movement, led by MLK Jr., was a success

Question 30

Sit-ins

Answer 30

A form of protest used by black protesters to fight for their civil rights.

Question 31

Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee

Answer 31

One of the principal organizations of the American Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. Played a major role in the sit-ins and freedom rides, a leading role in the 1963 March on Washington, the Freedom Summer, and the MFDP.

Question 32

Dynamic Conservatism

Answer 32

Eisenhower’s philosophy of being liberal in all things human and being conservative with all things fiscal. Appealed to both Republicans and Democrats; balancing economic conservatism with some activism.

Question 33

Creeping Socialism

Answer 33

An expression used in modern times to describe America`s so-called drift towards a socialistic society, was coined by author F.A. Hayek in his book The Road to Serfdom.

Question 34

Interstate Highway Act

Answer 34

Signed by Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1956, this act constructed over 41,000 miles of interstate highway, and was the biggest public works project of its day

Question 35

AFL-CIO

Answer 35

In December 1955, the American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations ended their twenty-year rivalry and merged to create this, under the leadership of George Meany.

Question 36

John Foster Dulles

Answer 36

United States diplomat who (as Secretary of State) pursued a policy of opposition to the USSR by providing aid to American allies (1888-1959).

Question 37

Strategic Air Command

Answer 37

main instrument in american policy of massive retaliation in the event of provocation; essentially long range fliers capable of remaining in air for extended periods of time to fly across continents and drop atomic weapons (used b-47 bombers, kc-97 tankers to refuel mid-flight); main means of atomic war before inter-continental missile era.

Question 38

Massive Retaliation

Answer 38

The “new look” defense policy of the Eisenhower administration of the 1950’s was to threaten “massive retaliation” with nuclear weapons in response to any act of aggression by a potential enemy.

Question 39

Military-industrial Complex

Answer 39

Eisenhower first coined this phrase when he warned America against it in his last State of the Union Address. He feared that the combined lobbying efforts of the armed services and industries that contracted with the military would lead to excessive Congressional spending.

Question 40

Ho Chi Minh

Answer 40

Vietnamese Communist revolutionary leader who was prime minister (1945–55) and president (1945–69) of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). He was a key figure in the foundation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945, as well as the People’s Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Việt Cộng (NLF or VC) during the Vietnam War.

Question 41

Dien Bien Phu

Answer 41

climactic confrontation of the First Indochina War between the French Union’s French Far East Expeditionary Corps and Viet Minh communist-nationalist revolutionaries

Question 42

Ngo Dinh Diem

Answer 42

Ngô Đình Diệm was a South Vietnamese politician. A former mandarin of the Nguyễn dynasty, he was named Prime Minister of the State of Vietnam by Head of State Bảo Đại in 1954.

Question 43

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization

Answer 43

The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) was an international organization for collective defense in Southeast Asia created by the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty, or Manila Pact, signed in September 1954 in Manila, Philippines.

Question 44

Shah of Iran

Answer 44

Mohammad Reza Shah was Shah of Iran from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow by the Iranian Revolution on 11 February 1979.

Question 45

Gamal Abdel Nasser

Answer 45

Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein was the second President of Egypt, serving from 1956 until his death. Nasser led the 1952 overthrow of the monarchy and introduced far-reaching land reforms the following year.

Question 46

The Suez Crisis

Answer 46

The Suez Crisis, also named the Tripartite Aggression and the Kadesh Operation or Sinai War, was an invasion of Egypt in late 1956 by Israel, followed by the United Kingdom and France.

Question 47

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Country

Answer 47

Countries that produce oil and sell it to the world.

Question 48

Teamsters

Answer 48

The International Brotherhood of Teamsters is a labor union in the United States and Canada.

Question 49

Jimmy Hoffa

Answer 49

American labor union leader and author who served as the President of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters union from 1958 until 1971. He vanished in late July 1975.

Question 50

Landrum-Griffin Act

Answer 50

deals with the relationship between a union and its members. The LMRDA grants certain rights to union members and protects their interests by promoting democratic procedures within labor organizations.

Question 51

Missile Gap

Answer 51

Cold War term used in the US for the perceived superiority of the number and power of the USSR’s missiles in comparison of their own.

Question 52

National Defense and Education Act

Answer 52

U.S. federal legislation passed by Congress and signed into law by Pres. Dwight D. Eisenhower on September 2, 1958, that provided funding to improve American schools and to promote postsecondary education.

Question 53

U-2 Spy Plane

Answer 53

The Lockheed U-2, nicknamed “Dragon Lady”, is an American single-jet engine, ultra-high altitude reconnaissance aircraft operated by the United States Air Force and previously flown by the Central Intelligence Agency.

Question 54

Fulgencio Batista

Answer 54

Fulgencio Batista Zaldívar was the elected President of Cuba from 1940 to 1944, and U.S.-backed dictator from 1952 to 1959, before being overthrown during the Cuban Revolution.

Question 55

Fidel Castro

Answer 55

Cuban revolutionary and politician who governed the Republic of Cuba as Prime Minister from 1959 to 1976 and then as President from 1976 to 2008.

Question 56

Richard Nixon

Answer 56

American politician who served as the 37th President of the United States from 1969 until 1974, when he became the only U.S. president to resign from office.

Question 57

Kitchen Debate

Answer 57

Kitchen Debate was a series of impromptu exchanges (through interpreters) between then U.S. Vice President Richard Nixon and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev at the opening of the American National Exhibition at Sokolniki Park in Moscow on July 24, 1959.

Question 58

John Kennedy

Answer 58

American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination

Question 59

New Frontier

Answer 59

The term New Frontier was used by liberal Democratic presidential candidate John F. Kennedy in his acceptance speech in the 1960 United States presidential election to the Democratic National Convention at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum as the Democratic slogan to inspire America.

Question 60

Alaska

Answer 60

Alaska, northwest of Canada, is the largest and most sparsely populated U.S. state. 49th state to enter the union on January 3, 1959

Question 61

Hawaii

Answer 61

Admitted to the union on August 21, 1959 as the 50th state after decades as a territory

Question 62

Catch-22

Answer 62

Catch-22 is a satirical novel by American author Joseph Heller

Question 63

Arthur Miller

Answer 63

merican playwright, essayist, and figure in twentieth-century American theater.

Question 64

Catcher in the Rye

Answer 64

-The Catcher in the Rye is a 1951 novel by J. D. Salinger. A controversial novel originally published for adults, it has since become popular with adolescent readers for its themes of teenage angst and alienation.

Question 65

George Orwell

Answer 65

-English novelist, essayist, journalist, and critic.