Chapter 20 - Girding for War: The north and the South, 1861-1865

Question 1

Fort Sumter

Answer 1

Sea fort in Charleston, South Carolina. Civil War started with a battle here. One of the two significant forts in the South that still flew their stars and stripes.

Question 2

Col. Robert Anderson

Answer 2

was a United States Army officer during the American Civil War. To many, he was a hero who defied the Confederacy and upheld Union honor in the first battle of the American Civil War at Fort Sumter in April 1861.

Question 3

Border States

Answer 3

They were laves states that did not secede from the Union. The border states are: Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, and West Virginia.

Question 4

Billy Yank

Answer 4

the personification of the Northern states of the United States, or less generally, the Union during the American Civil War

Question 5

Johnny Reb

Answer 5

personification of the Southern states of the United States, or less generally, the Confederacy during the American Civil War.

Question 6

Robert E. Lee

Answer 6

Robert Edward Lee was an American general known for commanding the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War from 1862 until his surrender in 1865.

Question 7

Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson

Answer 7

Confederate general during the American Civil War, and the best-known Confederate commander after General Robert E. Lee.

Question 8

King Cotton

Answer 8

King Cotton, phrase frequently used by Southern politicians and authors prior to the American Civil War, indicating the economic and political importance of cotton production.

Question 9

King Wheat

Answer 9

Term for the economic and political importance of wheat production.

Question 10

King Corn

Answer 10

Phrase used when it became the political and economic dominance over King Cotton

Question 11

Trent

Answer 11

Diplomatic incident during the American Civil War that threatened war between the United States and the United Kingdom. The US Navy illegally captured two confederate diplomats from a British ship, but were later released.

Question 12

Alabama

Answer 12

Seceded from the United States on January 11, 1861. Provided troops, food, and horses for the Confederate States during the Civil War.

Question 13

Laird Rams

Answer 13

The Laird rams were two ships secretly funded and constructed at Birkenhead, England on behalf of the Confederacy between 1862-1862.

Question 14

Napoleon III

Answer 14

Didn’t want a war with the United States because he knew it would “spell disaster” and France need cotton.

Question 15

Maximilian

Answer 15

Emperor of Mexico during the American Civil War.

Question 16

Jefferson Davis

Answer 16

President of the Confederate States

Question 17

States Rights

Answer 17

The struggle between the federal government and the states over political power. The main issue was the institution of slavery.

Question 18

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 18

16th President Of The United States. Served from 1861-1865. Was assassinated by James Wilkes Booth in April, 1865.

Question 19

Habeas Corpus

Answer 19

The legal procedure that keeps the government from holding you indefinitely without showing cause.

Question 20

Three-hundred-dollar-men

Answer 20

men who purchased exemption from the draft in the Civil War

Question 21

bounty jumpers

Answer 21

men who avoided the draft

Question 22

Income Tax

Answer 22

percentage of one’s paycheck that is given to the government; first put in place in the North during the Civil War

Question 23

Morrill Tariff Act

Answer 23

Northern tariff that increased the previous one 5-10%

Question 24

Greenbacks

Answer 24

Union printed money

Question 25

National Banking Act

Answer 25

established a system of national banks for banks, and created the United States National Banking System. They encouraged development of a national currency backed by bank holdings of U.S. Treasury securities.

Question 26

Inflation

Answer 26

plague of greenback and Confederate money during the Civil War

Question 27

“Shoddy” Wool

Answer 27

Fabric made from wool-processing byproduct, that was cheap in quality and sold at high prices to soldiers by war profiteers.

Question 28

Elizabeth Blackwell

Answer 28

an abolitionist, women’s rights activist, and the first female doctor in the United States

Question 29

Clara Barton

Answer 29

Nurse during the Civil War; started the American Red Cross

Question 30

Dorothea Dix

Answer 30

A New England teacher and author who spoke against the inhumane treatment of insane prisoners, ca. 1830’s. People who suffered from insanity were treated worse than normal criminals. Dorothea Dix traveled over 60,000 miles in 8 years gathering information for her reports, reports that brought about changes in treatment, and also the concept that insanity was a disease of the mind, not a willfully perverse act by an individual.