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Pathology-IMED4111 > gram negative rods- lecture > Flashcards

gram negative rods- lecture Flashcards

1
Q

what is pathogenicity

A

ability of organism to cause disease

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2
Q

what is virulence

A

severity of disease caused by organism

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3
Q

What are some organism determinants of pathogenicity/virulence?

A

Adhesions, toxins and antibiotic resistance

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4
Q

What are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins?

A

Part of the GNB cells wall, immune stimulant, responsible for sepsis syndrome

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5
Q

what are the classifications of UTIs?

A

Lower vs upper & complicated vs uncomplicated.

There is also asymptomatic bacteriuria

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6
Q

Where do lower UTI’s occur? Where do upper?

A
  • Lower- urethritis, prostatitis, cystitis (bladder infection)
  • Upper-pyelonephritis (inflammation of kidney)
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7
Q

What is a complicated UTI

A

AUTI with structural abnormality of the urinary tract (stone),

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8
Q

most common pathogen causing UTI

A
  • Escherichia coli
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9
Q

2nd most common pathogen causing UTI (prevalent in what group in society?)

A
  • Staphylococcus saprophytic (young females)
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10
Q

what are some risk factors for UTIs

A

female sex (shorter urethra), increased age (incomplete bladder emptying, poor perineal hygiene, altered vaginal flora), structural urological disease (stones, instrumentation, enlarged prostate etc)

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11
Q

what sources of information could you use before you have the results of the culture susceptibility results?

A

local antibiogram, australian therapeutic guidelines, prior microbiology results

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12
Q

what is a community acquired infection

A

o onset of infection whilst residing in the community with within the first 48 hours of admission to hospital

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13
Q

what is the community onset, healthcare associated infection

A

same as community acquired but has had healthcare contact in the last 90 days

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14
Q

what is a hospital acquired infections

A

infection that starts about 48 hours after admission to hospital

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15
Q

what are the most common cause of hospital acquired infections

A

gram negative rods

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16
Q

what are the most common GNBs causing HAI

A

E coli (and pseudomonas)

17
Q

In surgical sites, what bacteria are we most likely to see?

A

GNBs and GPBs

18
Q

Which bacteria are you most likely to see in blood infections?

A

GPBs

19
Q

How does the oxidase test distinguish Enterobacteriaceae from Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Enterobactiaceae is oxidase negative, while Pseudomonas is positive

20
Q

What are the broad groupings of GN rods?

A
  1. Enterobacteriaceae
  2. Non-fermenters
  3. Oxidase positive fermenters
  4. Miscellaneous fastidious
  5. Campylobacter & Helicobacter
  6. Legionella
  7. Haemophilus
21
Q

List some of the important genus of Enterobacteriaceae

A 
Escherichia
Shigella
Salmonella
Klebsiella
Proteus
Enterobacter
Serratia
Yersinia
22
Q

What disease does E.coli cause?

A

Responsible for 80% UTIs

Also cause food poisoning and diarrhoea

23
Q

What are the clinical differences between community acquired and hospital acquired infections with GN bacteria?

A
  • Hospital acquired infections are much more likely to be resistant to antibiotics. -There is significant alteration in bowel flora in the hospital, increased colonisation with gram negative rods and gram positive cocci is common
  • Lots more MRSA
  • Gram negatives frequently cause pneumonia and UTIs, as well as blood stream infections
24
Q

Which enterobacteriaceae causes enteric illness?

A

Escherichia coli caused nearly 50%, then Pseudomonas, as well as Klebsiella and Proteus

25
Q

What type of disease do Pseudomonas species cause?

A

Pneumonia, UTIs and bacteraemia

26
Q

What are some of the different morphologies of GN rods?

A 
Medium sized - Acinetobacter
Tiny cocco-bacillary - Brucella
Pleomorphic: coccobacillary/filamentous - Haemophilus
Coiled - Streptobacillus
Uniform - Pseudomonas
27
Q

What makes Pseudomonas such a significant bacteria?

A

It has a biofilm formation, which makes it resistant to disinfectants and antibiotics, and allows it to survive in nutrient poor environments

28
Q

What are the top three most common hospital acquired infections?

A

Urinary tract
Lower respiratory (pneumonia)
Primary bloodstream infections

Pathology-IMED4111 (88 decks)

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