Zoonotic Infections - Couturier 2017

Question 1

What is a human infection that naturally occurs in an insect or animal host called?

Answer 1

Zoonotic Pathogen

Question 2

What are 6 familiar zoonotic pathogens?

Answer 2

1-Salmonella (reptiles, birds)
2-Shiga-like toxin E.Coli (farm animals)
3-Rabies
4-Lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi, ticks)
5-Rock mountain spotted fever (Rickettsia rickettsi)
6-West nile virus (mosquito)

Question 3

What are 4 emerging zoonotic infections?

Answer 3

1-Chikungunya virus
2-Zika virus
3-Cyclospora cayetanensis (coccidian protozoa)
4-Middle easter respiratory syndrome (MERS)

*1,2,4 are + strand ssRNA

Question 4

What virus incubates 3-7 days, presents with high fever, joint pain, and more than 50% of cases result in long-lasting arthralgia?
What is the vector for this virus here in the US?
What virus is related to this?

Answer 4

Chikungunya

*Carried by aedes aegypti mosquito

O’nyong’nyong which gives a false pos for Chikungunya sometimes

Question 5

What are two ways chikunguyna and zika are diagnosed?

Answer 5

1-IgM antibody detection

2-RT-PCR (for the first week of symptoms)

Question 6

Which viral disease presents with fever, rash, joint pain and CONJUNCTIVITIS and is transmitted by mosquito, sex or congenital infection or BLOOD TRANSFUSION?
What is the vector for this virus?

Answer 6

Zika

*carried by aedes mosquito like chikungunya

Question 7

Which viral disease causes microcephaly birth defect?

Answer 7

Zika virus

*also linked to Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS)

Question 8

What pathogen is a gastroinestinal protozoa that is passed fecal oral usually through imported produce, causes diarrhea and is detected by acid fast stain, autofluorescence and PCR?
Is the cyst infective when shed?
What is the vector for this pathogen?

Answer 8

Cyclospora cayetanensis

*not infective when shed. it needs weeks out of the body to mature.

humans are the vector. Fecal/oral

Question 9

How do you treat Cyclospora? Are dentists at risk?

Answer 9

Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (antibacterial)

dentists are not at risk

Question 10

Which pathogen is a respiratory coronavirus, found in the middle east that comes from bats and camels and is transferred through respiratory secretions?

Is this a risk for dentists?

Answer 10

MERS (middle eastern respiratory syndrome)

*only detected through PCR due to dangers of culture

this is a HIGH risk for dentists because patients cough

Question 11

What are 3 other zoonotic pathogens that have no direct human-human transmission?

Answer 11

1-Avian influenza
2-Borrelia miyamotoi (tick borne)
3-Anaplasma and Ehrlichia (tick borne)

Question 12

Which virus is a filovirus that typically has small outbreaks and in which patient body fluids are highly infectious?

Answer 12

Ebola

Question 13

Can Zika be transmitted through regular body fluids?

Answer 13

yes. like tears