Antifungal Drugs - Smith 2017 - From Cutler

Question 1

Fungi are mostly eukaryotic organisms that live as _____ or ______.

Answer 1

• Saprobes

- Parasites

Question 2

Fungi have a rigid cell wall composed of what?

Answer 2

-Chitin

Question 3

Antibacterial agents are generally ___ against fungal infections.

Answer 3

-Ineffective

Question 4

Is a superficial or systemic infection one that involves the skin and other soft tissues?

Answer 4

-Superficial

Question 5

Is a superficial or systemic infection that involves the whole body?

Answer 5

-Systemic fungal infections

Question 6

Pulmonary aspergillosis is an example of superficial or systemic fungal infections?

Answer 6

-Systemic fungal infections

Question 7

What are the four antifungal agent targets?

Answer 7

• Fungal cell membrane
• Cell wall synthesis
• Nucleic acid synthesis
• Microtubule function

Question 8

What are the three primary drugs used for treating systemic fungal infections?

Answer 8

• Amphotericin B
• “Azoles”
• Echinocandins

Question 9

What two antifungal drugs work to disrupt membrane function and permeability?

Answer 9

• Amphotericin B

- Nystatin

Question 10

What antifungal drugs prevent ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting 14-a sterol demethylase?

Answer 10

• Itraconazole

- Fluconazole

Question 11

Which antifungal drugs prevent ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting squalene epoxidase?

Answer 11

• Naftifine

- Terbinafine

Question 12

What antifungal drug inhibits fungal cell wall synthesis?

Answer 12

-Caspofungin

Question 13

What drugs bind to plasma membrane ergosterol and damages the membrane by forming pores which cause leakage of K+ ions? (Polyenes)

Answer 13

• Amphotericin B

- Nystatin

Question 14

What is the 1st line therapy for invasive, life-threating systemic and localized Candidemia, is broad spectrum, usually given IV in hospital setting and has HIGHLY TOXIC CHRONIC REACTIONS?

Answer 14

-Amphotericin B

Question 15

T/F Amphotericin B can be used to treat Aspergillus infections

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What is the most serious side effect that is a slower reaction of Amphotericin B?

Answer 16

-Renal toxicity

Question 17

How is amphotericin B usually administered?

Answer 17

-IV in hospital

Question 18

How is Nystatin usually administered?

Answer 18

-Topical only

Question 19

What drug is a treatment for Topical treatment for oral and esophageal Candidiasis albicans (thrush) as mouthwash?

Answer 19

-Nystatin

Question 20

What drug is a topical cream for vaginal candidiasis (yeast infections)?

Answer 20

-Nystatin

Question 21

What drugs INHIBIT ERGOSTEROL synthesis by blocking lanosine 14-a-demethylase?

Answer 21

-Azoles

Question 22

How are azoles typically administered?

Answer 22

-Topically
OR
-Systemically

Question 23

What are three contraindications of azole drugs?

Answer 23

• Pregnancy
• Lactation
• Hepatic dysfunction

Question 24

What is the most commonly prescribed systemic antifungal and happens to be an Azole antifungal

Answer 24

-Fluconazole

Question 25

What is the drug of choice for most Candidiasis albicans and treats fungal cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS patients because of its good CNS pentration?

Answer 25

-Fluconazole

Question 26

T/F Azole is highly teratogenic and should be avoided during pregnancy

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What was the first azole that was developed?

Answer 27

-Ketoconazole

Question 28

What azole is effective against aspergillis but is more toxic that fluconazole?

Answer 28

-Itraconazole

Question 29

What two azoles are administered topically only and are used to treat vulvo-vaginal candidiasis (yeast infection), oral candidiasis, athletes foot, and jock rash?

Answer 29

• Clotrimazole

- Miconazole

Question 30

What is the 1st line treatment for Aspergillis infections?

Answer 30

-Vorconizole

Question 31

What drug should never be given with Ketoconozale?

Answer 31

-Amphotericin B

Question 32

What drug inhibits both DNA and RNA synthesis in fungi?

Answer 32

-Flucytosine

Question 33

What type of fungal infections do you use flucytosine for?

Answer 33

-Systemic

Question 34

What drug is synergistic when given in combination with Amphotericin B for cryptococcal meningitis?

Answer 34

-Flucytosine

Question 35

What is the major adverse effect of flucytosine?

Answer 35

-Bone marrow suppression

Question 36

What drugs are considered the penicillins of the antifungal drugs?

Answer 36

-Echinocandins

Question 37

What drugs do you use in azole-resistant Candidia or and a 2nd line agent for refractory Aspergillosis?

Answer 37

-Echinocandins (Caspofungin)

Question 38

What antifungal drug blocks B-glucan synthase?

Answer 38

-Caspofungin

Question 39

What antifungal drug disrupts microtubule function, inhibiting fungal mitosis?

Answer 39

-Griseofulvin

Question 40

What antifungal drug inhibits growth of dermatophytes?

Answer 40

-Griseofulvin

Question 41

What antifungal drug inhibits the enzyme squalene epoxidase to inhibit ergosterol synthesis and has replaced griseofulvin because it is safer?

Answer 41

-Terbinafine

Question 42

What drug has largely replaced Griseofulvin for treatment of onychomycosis?

Answer 42

-Terbinafine

Question 43

Do you use topical or systemic antifungals for localized candidiasis in patients with normal immune function?

Answer 43

-Topcial

Question 44

Do you use topical or systemic antifungals for individuals with disseminated disease and in immunocompromised patients?

Answer 44

-Systemic

Question 45

What azole drug does not treat aspergillus?

Answer 45

-Fluconazole

Question 46

Azole antifungals have two classifcations, one classification having 2 nitrogens and the other having 3. What are they?

Answer 46

imidazole group - 2

triazole group - 3

Question 47

what are the adverse affects of Griseofulvin?

Answer 47

teratogenic
carcinogenic
severe headaches