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Host and Defense COPY > Bracken's Keys to remember exam 3 > Flashcards

Bracken's Keys to remember exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What signals activate a T cell? 3 of them

A

T-cell receptor binding with MHC for activation
co-stimulatory molecules CD28 binding to APC B7
cytokines for differentiation

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2
Q

IL-2 Drives what in T Cells?

A

clonal expansion

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3
Q

what cytokines cause induction of Macrophages?

A

IL-12

note that this is also for TH1 cells which activate macrophages

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4
Q

what cytokines cause induction of NK cells?

A

IFN gamma

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5
Q

what cytokines cause induction of Basophils?

A

IL-4

Notice that this is also for TH2 cells which activate basophils

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6
Q

When a B cell makes contact with a bacterial cell with antibody, there are co receptors that bind with the C3d protein on the bacteria. What are those three co-receptors?

A

CR2
CD2
CD81

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7
Q

What is the co-receptor used when B cells synapse with a CD4 T cell like a TFH cell.

A

CD40

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8
Q

Whate is the function of IgD?

A

B cell receptor/sensitization of basophils

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9
Q

Fc Receptors bind what antibody classes?

A

G
E
A

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10
Q

Erythrocytes do what to aggluitnized antigens?

A

THey bring them to the liver or spleen where they are destroyed by macrophages.

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11
Q

What are the activating receptors for NK cells?

A

NKG2D

CD16 (Fc receptor)

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12
Q

What are the inhibiting receptors for NK cells?

A

NKG2A

KIR family

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13
Q

What leukocytes do NK cells interact with to become activated? 3 kinds

A

APC’s
Th cells
NKT cells

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14
Q

What cytokines activate NK cells?

A

IFN

IL-12

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15
Q

What target cell interactions activate NK cells?

A

downregulated MHC 1
stress ligands
CD16

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16
Q

If Cd 16 is on a Natural killer cell, what will it recognize and kill?

A

cells with antibodies attached to them because CD 16 is an Fc Receptor

17
Q

What are the death receptors for NK cells? 2 of them

A

FasL

TRAIL

18
Q

What are the 3 ways that NK cells kill?

A

degranulation - perforin and granzymes

Death signals - FasL and TRAIL

IFNs and Nitric Oxide

19
Q

What 3 things can gamma delta T cell receptors bind?

A

phospholipid receptors
MHC 1 related receptors
stress ligand

20
Q

Gamma delta T cells interact with what on epithelial cell surfaces to discriminate self from no self, activate and interact with co signals?

A

CD1 cells

21
Q

What antimicrobial peptides do Th17 cells produce at mucosal barriers, especially the mouth?

A

B defensins
lactoferrins
cathelicidins

22
Q

what are the 3 functions of TH17 at mucosal barriers?

A

induce neutrophil chemotaxis
release antimicrobial peptides
ensure tight junctions are maintained

23
Q

If a CSF sample cannot be taken immediately to the laboratory, how should it be stored?

A

at room temp

24
Q

is 73mg/dl high or low for CSF protein levels?

A

high

25
Q

is 38mg/dl high or low for CSF glucose?

A

low

26
Q

is 81% PMNs high or low for CSF fluid?

A

high

27
Q

What is a high protein, low glucose, high PMN level in the CSF indicative of?

A

bacteria meningitis

28
Q

A 21 year old immunocompetant male army recruit is diagnosed with meningitis. What is the likely pathogen responsible?

A

Neissieria Meningitidis

29
Q

A CSF culture is performed on a 3 year old girl who is crying, complaining of her head hurting, and vomiting. The culture yields Gram-negative bacilli.What are the tests that will help differentiate between possible pathogens?

A

growth on SBA
growth on McConkey
Oxidase test

30
Q 
Gram stains for
H. Flu
Strep agalactiae
Cryptococcus Neoformans
Neissieria meningitidis
Strep pneumo
E. Coli
Listeria monocytogenes
A

H. Flu - pleomorphic gram neg rod
Strep agalactiae - gram positive cocci in chains
Cryptococcus Neoformans - yeast
Neissieria meningitidis - gram neg diplococci
Strep pneumo - gram positive cocci in chains
E. Coli - gram neg bacilli
Listeria monocytogenes - gram positive rod

31
Q

Mark each of the appropriate body sites as appropriate (A) or inappropriate (I) for anaerobic culture.

Perirectal wound
synovial fluid
vaginal wall
CSF
decubitus ulcer
sputum
stool (GENERAL anaerobe culture)
pericardial tissue
lymph node fine needle aspirite
A 
Perirectal wound - I
synovial fluid - A
vaginal wall - I
CSF - A 
decubitus ulcer - I
sputum - I
stool (GENERAL anaerobe culture) - I
pericardial tissue - A
lymph node fine needle aspirite - A
32
Q

Which specimen is likely to maintain viable anaerobic organisms for anaerobic culture.

A

A bacterial transport gel with tissue pressed below the surface of the gel

33
Q

What is the gram stain of actinomyces?

A

gram positive rod

34
Q

What is the gram stain of clostridium spp?

A

gram positive rod

35
Q

What ist he gram stain of fusobacterium?

A

gram negative rod

36
Q

Most anaerobic infections are ______________ acquired.

A

endogenously

37
Q

T/F All anaerobes are predictably susceptible to narrow-spectrum antibiotics

A

False

Host and Defense COPY (81 decks)

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