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Host and Defense COPY > B Cells: Antibodies and Diversity - German 2017- From Cutler > Flashcards

B Cells: Antibodies and Diversity - German 2017- From Cutler Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main job of B cells?

A

-Produce antibodies

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2
Q

What do the antibodies produced affect?

A

-Extracellular pathogens

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3
Q

What do B cells target?

A

-One antigen epitope

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4
Q

T/F B Cells have infinite target diversity

A

True

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5
Q

What is a plasma cell?

A

-Fully differentiated form of B cell that secretes antibodies

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6
Q

T/F B cells do not undergo clonal selection and expansion

A

False-They do undergo

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7
Q

Once B cells have been activated what happens to the targeting?

A

-It improves

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8
Q

What do the first three phases of B cell production take place?

A

-Bone marrow

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9
Q

What occurs in the first phase of B cell production?

A

-Generation of diverse and clonally expressed B-cell receptors

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10
Q

What occurs in Phase 2 of B cell production?

A

-Elimination or inactivation of B-cell receptors that bind to components of the human body (- selection)

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11
Q

What is Phase 3 of B cell production?

A

-Promotion of a fraction of immature B cells to become mature B cells in the secondary lymphoid tissues (+ selection)

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12
Q

T/F Antibodies are glycoproteins

A

True

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13
Q

What are four effector functions of produced antibodies?

A

-Receptors-Neutralization-Opsonization-Signaling

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14
Q

What are two cells that produced antibodies have receptor functions for?

A

-B cells-Granulocytes

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15
Q

What are the three sources of antigen diversity?

A

-Genetic recombination-Junctional diversity-Somatic hypermutation

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16
Q

Are the antigen binding sites the variable or constant region?

A

-Variable region

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17
Q

What two chains do you find on an antibody?

A

-Heavy Chain-Light Chain

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18
Q

T/F Isotype determines antibody class

A

True

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19
Q

What are the five isotypes of the Heavy chain of the antibody?

A

-IgG-IgA-IgM-IgE-IgD

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20
Q

What chain on the antibody binds the antigen?

A

-Heavy chain and light chain

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21
Q

What are the two isotypes of the light chain antibodies?

A

-Kappa-Lambda

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22
Q

What region of the antibody does complement interact with?

A

-Conservative region

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23
Q

When you cleave antibodies with proteases what are the products?

A

-2 Fab fragment-1 Fc fragment

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24
Q

What two antibody classes interact with a J chain?

A

-IgM-IgA

25
Q

When the IgM interacts with the J chain what multimeric complex forms?

A

-Pentameric IgM

26
Q

When the IgA interacts with the Jchain what multimeric complex forms?

A

-Dimeric IgA

27
Q

What are IgD really good at doing?

A

-Sensitization of basophils

28
Q

What antibodies go out into the tissues in a response?

A

-IgG

29
Q

What two antibodies are good at activating complement?

A

-IgM-IgG

30
Q

What does IgG do well?

A

-Neutralization-Opsonization-Sensitization for killing by NK cells-Diffusion into extravascular sites-Activation of complement

31
Q

What does IgA do well?

A

-Neutralization-Transport across epithelium

32
Q

What does IgE do well?

A

-Sensitization of mast cells

33
Q

What is an antigen?

A

-A molecule recognized by a B cell or T cell

34
Q

What is an epitope?

A

-The region of an antigen bound by an antibody or MHC/TCR

35
Q

T/F Antibody structure facilitates function

A

True

36
Q

In the bone marrow what causes changes in antibody structure?

A

-Gene rearrangement

37
Q

In secondary lymphoid organs and circulation what causes changes in antibody structure?

A

-Somatic hypermutation-Isotype Switching

38
Q

What is always formed during Somatic Hypermutation and Isotype Switching?

A

-IgD-IgM

39
Q

What are antibody genes assembled from?

A

-Fragmented Segments

40
Q

What are the four segments of the heavy chain?

A

-Variable-Diversity -Joining-Constant

41
Q

What is the first two regions selected for antibody diversity?

A

-Junctional region-Variable region

42
Q

The RAG complex randomly pairs what?

A

Gene segments

43
Q

What grabs and combines the different portions of the genome for antibodies?

A

-RAG 1-RAG 2

44
Q

What is the order to create the Heavy chain?

A

-Vh-Dh-Jh—-> Vh - DJh—->VDJh

45
Q

What is the order to create the Light chain?

A

-VL-JL—>VJL

46
Q

When is junctional diversity created?

A

-Recombination

47
Q

How many antigen binding regions are there per B cell?

A

one

48
Q

T/F B cells can express all ab isotypes

A

True

49
Q

When you do an Isotype switch is it permanent?

A

-Yes with one exception when you have both the IgD and IgM expressed

50
Q

What are the two isotypes that are expressed first?

A

-IgM (1st)-IgD (2nd)

51
Q

What does the Fc receptor bind?

A

-Conserved regions

52
Q

What antibodies acts as the B cell receptors?

A

-IgA-IgB

53
Q

Genetic recombination variability for B cells is caused by what?

A

-Splicing

54
Q

What is Junctional diversity?

A

-Add random nucleotides between these genetic section made during recombination

55
Q

What is it called when multiple antibodies targeted against the same antigen?

A

-Polyclonal

56
Q

What is called when a single antibody targeted against a single antigen?

A

-Monoclonal

57
Q

What are three diagnostic tools that antibodies provide?

A

-Pathogen Identification-Protein quantification-Cellular identification

58
Q

What are three therapeutic tools that antibodies provide?

A

-Targeted killing-Chemical delivery-Immunomodulatory

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