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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

The scientific study of the body’s structures

Macroscopic vs microscopic

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2
Q

Regional anatomy

A

The study of interrelationships of all the structures in a specific body region I.e. Abdomen

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3
Q

Systemic Anatomy

A

The study of the structures that make up a discrete body system (a group of structures that work to perform a function) I.e. Muscular system

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4
Q

Physiology

A

The study of the chemistry and physics of the structures of the body and how they work together to do functions

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5
Q

Homeostasis

A

The state of steady internal conditions maintained by living things I.e. Body temp 98.6

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6
Q

6 levels of structural organization

A 
Chemical - atoms
Cellular - molecules form organelles
Tissue - similar cells form tissue
Organ - tissues form organs
Organ system - multiple organs work together
Organismal - the organism as a whole
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7
Q

Integumentary System

A

Encloses internal body structures

Hair skin nails

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8
Q

Skeletal System

A

Supports body and enables movement

Cartilage, bones, joints

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9
Q

Muscular System

A

Enables movement
Helps maintain temp

Skeletal muscles tendons

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10
Q

Nervous System

A

Detects and processes sensory info
Activates bodily responses
Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves

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11
Q

Endocrine System

A

Secretes hormones
Regulates bodily processes

Pituitary gland, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal, testes, ovaries

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12
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues
Equalize body temp

Heart and blood vessels

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13
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Returns fluid to blood
Defends against pathogens

Thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic vessels

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14
Q

Respiratory System

A

Removed carbon dioxide from the body
Delivers oxygen to blood

Nasal passage, trachea, lungs

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15
Q

Digestive System

A

Processes food for use by body
Removes waste from undigested food
Stomach, liver, gall bladder, large intestines, small intestine

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16
Q

Urinary System

A

Controls water balance in the body
Removes waste from blood and excretes them

Kidneys and bladder

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17
Q

Male reproductive system

A

Produces sex hormones and gametes
Delivers gametes to female

Epididymis
Testes

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18
Q

Female reproductive system

A

Produces sex hormones and gamete
Supports embryo/fetus
Produces milk

Mammary glands
Ovaries
Uterus

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19
Q

Metabolism

A

The sum of all anabolic and catabolic reactions in the body. Convert the food we eat into fuel to sustain body function and movement

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20
Q

Anabolism

A

Process of combining smaller, simpler molecules into larger and more complex

Requires energy

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21
Q

Catabolism

A

Larger complex substances are broken down to smaller

Releases energy

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22
Q

Anterior

A

Front (in front of)

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23
Q

Carpal

A

Wrist

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24
Q

Prone

A

Face Down

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25
Q

Supine

A

Face Up

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26
Q

Brachium

A

Upper Arm

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27
Q

Antebrachium

A

Lower arm

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28
Q

Posterior

A

Back or behind

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29
Q

Superior

A

Above or Higher

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30
Q

Inferior

A

Below or lower

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31
Q

Lateral

A

Side or direction towards

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32
Q

Medial

A

Middle or direction toward middle

33
Q

Proximal

A

A position on limb that is closer to the point of attachment or trunk

34
Q

Distal

A

A position in a limb that is farther away from point of attachment or trunk

35
Q

Superficial

A

Position closer to the surface

36
Q

Deep

A

Position further from surface

37
Q

Section

A

2-dimensional surface structure, cut

38
Q

Plane

A

Imaginary 2-dimensional surfaces that passes through the body

39
Q

The 3 planes

A

Sagittal plane - divides body or organism vertically into left and right side
Frontal plane - divides body into posterior and anterior portions
Transverse plane - divides body horizontally into upper and lower

40
Q

Dorsal Cavitiy

A

Cranial cavity and spinal cavity

41
Q

Ventral cavity

A 
Thoracic cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity (largest)
42
Q

Serous membrane

A

Thin membrane that covers walls and organs in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

43
Q

3 Serous Cavities

A

Pleura
Pericardium
Peritoneum

44
Q

Negative Feedback loop

A

Stimulus
Sensor
Control center
Effector

45
Q

Positive feedback

A

Intensifies a change in the body’s physiological condition rather than reversing it
I.e. Child birth

46
Q

Frons

A

Forehead

47
Q

Cranium

A

Skull

48
Q

Facies

A

Face

49
Q

Oris

A

Mouth

50
Q

Mentis

A

Chin

51
Q

Axilla

A

Armpit

52
Q

Antecubitis

A

Front of elbow

53
Q

Pollex

A

Thumb

54
Q

Palma

A

Palm

55
Q

Crus

A

Leg

56
Q

Tarsus

A

Ankle

57
Q

Hallux

A

Big toe

58
Q

Umbilicus

A

Navel

59
Q

Thorcis or thorax

A

Chest

60
Q

Cervicis

A

Neck

61
Q

Nasus

A

Nose

62
Q

Auris

A

Ear

63
Q

Bucca

A

Cheek

64
Q

Dorsum

A

Back

65
Q

Olecranon

A

Back of elbow

66
Q

Lumbus

A

Lumbar

67
Q

Popliteus

A

Back of knee

68
Q

Sura

A

Calf

69
Q

Calcaneus

A

Heal of foot

70
Q

Cephalon

A

Head

71
Q

Abdominopelvic Quadrants

A

Right Upper Q - RUQ
Left Upper Q - LUQ
Right Lower Q - RLQ
Left Lower Q - LLQ

As your body and not looking at a body

72
Q

X-Ray

A

High energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelength capable of penetrating solids and ionizing gases

73
Q

CT scan

A

Computed Tomography
Noninvasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-Rays in order to reveal minute details about structures.

74
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic resonance Imaging
A noninvasive scan using nuclear physics
No radiation exposure but costly and loud

75
Q

PET

A

Positron Emission Tomography
Uses radiopharmaceuticals, substance to emit radiation and can illustrate physiologic activity including metabolism and blood flow

76
Q

Ultrasonography

A

High frequency sound waves into the body to generate an echo signal that a computer converts to an image

77
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine Triphosphate
Chemical compound used by every cell and is used to store and release energy
(Anabolism and catabolism)

78
Q

Parietal layer

A

Layer of serous membrane that lines the body cavity walls in thoracic cavity

79
Q

Visceral layer

A

The layer in serous membrane that covers the internal organs in thoracic cavity

Anatomy & Physiology (26 decks)

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