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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

acne

A

skin condition due to infected sebaceous glands

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2
Q

albinism

A

genetic disorder that affects the skin, in which there is no melanin production

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3
Q

anagen

A

active phase of the hair growth cycle

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4
Q

apocrine sweat gland

A

type of sweat gland that is associated with hair follicles in the armpits and genital regions

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5
Q

arrector pili

A

smooth muscle that is activated in response to external stimuli that pull on hair follicles and make the hair “stand up”

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6
Q

basal cell

A

type of stem cell found in the stratum basale and in the hair matrix that continually undergoes cell division, producing the keratinocytes of the epidermis

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7
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

cancer that originates from basal cells in the epidermis of the skin

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8
Q

bedsore

A

sore on the skin that develops when regions of the body start necrotizing due to constant pressure and lack of blood supply; also called decubitis ulcers

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9
Q

callus

A

thickened area of skin that arises due to constant abrasion

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10
Q

catagen

A

transitional phase marking the end of the anagen phase of the hair growth cycle

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11
Q

corn

A

type of callus that is named for its shape and the elliptical motion of the abrasive force

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12
Q

cortex

A

in hair, the second or middle layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix, as seen in a cross-section of the hair bulb

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13
Q

cuticle

A

in hair, the outermost layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix, as seen in a cross-section of the hair bulb

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14
Q

dermal papilla

A

(plural = dermal papillae) extension of the papillary layer of the dermis that increases surface contact between the epidermis and dermis

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15
Q

dermis

A

layer of skin between the epidermis and hypodermis, composed mainly of connective tissue and containing blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, and other structures

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16
Q

desmosome

A

structure that forms an impermeable junction between cells

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17
Q

eccrine sweat gland

A

type of sweat gland that is common throughout the skin surface; it produces a hypotonic sweat for thermoregulation

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18
Q

eczema

A

skin condition due to an allergic reaction, which resembles a rash

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19
Q

elastin fibers

A

fibers made of the protein elastin that increase the elasticity of the dermis

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20
Q

eleiden

A

clear protein-bound lipid found in the stratum lucidum that is derived from keratohyalin and helps to prevent water loss

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21
Q

epidermis

A

outermost tissue layer of the skin

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22
Q

eponychium

A

nail fold that meets the proximal end of the nail body, also called the cuticle

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23
Q

external root sheath

A

outer layer of the hair follicle that is an extension of the epidermis, which encloses the hair root

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24
Q

first-degree burn

A

superficial burn that injures only the epidermis

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25
Q

fourth-degree burn

A

burn in which full thickness of the skin and underlying muscle and bone is damaged

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26
Q

glassy membrane

A

layer of connective tissue that surrounds the base of the hair follicle, connecting it to the dermis

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27
Q

hair

A

keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis

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28
Q

hair bulb

A

structure at the base of the hair root that surrounds the dermal papilla

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29
Q

hair follicle

A

cavity or sac from which hair originates

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30
Q

hair matrix

A

layer of basal cells from which a strand of hair grows

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31
Q

hair papilla

A

mass of connective tissue, blood capillaries, and nerve endings at the base of the hair follicle

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32
Q

hair root

A

part of hair that is below the epidermis anchored to the follicle

33
Q

hair shaft

A

part of hair that is above the epidermis but is not anchored to the follicle

34
Q

hypodermis

A

connective tissue connecting the integument to the underlying bone and muscle

35
Q

hyponychium

A

thickened layer of stratum corneum that lies below the free edge of the nail

36
Q

integumentary system

A

skin and its accessory structures

37
Q

internal root sheath

A

innermost layer of keratinocytes in the hair follicle that surround the hair root up to the hair shaft

38
Q

keloid

A

type of scar that has layers raised above the skin surface

39
Q

keratin

A

type of structural protein that gives skin, hair, and nails its hard, water-resistant properties

40
Q

keratinocyte

A

cell that produces keratin and is the most predominant type of cell found in the epidermis

41
Q

keratohyalin

A

granulated protein found in the stratum granulosum

42
Q

Langerhans cell

A

specialized dendritic cell found in the stratum spinosum that functions as a macrophage

43
Q

lunula

A

basal part of the nail body that consists of a crescent-shaped layer of thick epithelium

44
Q

medulla

A

in hair, the innermost layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix

45
Q

Meissner corpuscle

A

(also, tactile corpuscle) receptor in the skin that responds to light touch

46
Q

melanin

A

pigment that determines the color of hair and skin

47
Q

melanocyte

A

cell found in the stratum basale of the epidermis that produces the pigment melanin

48
Q

melanoma

A

type of skin cancer that originates from the melanocytes of the skin

49
Q

melanosome

A

intercellular vesicle that transfers melanin from melanocytes into keratinocytes of the epidermis

50
Q

Merkel cell

A

receptor cell in the stratum basale of the epidermis that responds to the sense of touch

51
Q

metastasis

A

spread of cancer cells from a source to other parts of the body

52
Q

nail bed

A

layer of epidermis upon which the nail body forms

53
Q

nail body

A

main keratinous plate that forms the nail

54
Q

nail cuticle

A

fold of epithelium that extends over the nail bed, also called the eponychium

55
Q

nail fold

A

fold of epithelium at that extend over the sides of the nail body, holding it in place

56
Q

nail root

A

part of the nail that is lodged deep in the epidermis from which the nail grows

57
Q

Pacinian corpuscle

A

(also, lamellated corpuscle) receptor in the skin that responds to vibration

58
Q

papillary layer

A

superficial layer of the dermis, made of loose, areolar connective tissue

59
Q

reticular layer

A

deeper layer of the dermis; it has a reticulated appearance due to the presence of abundant collagen and elastin fibers

60
Q

rickets

A

disease in children caused by vitamin D deficiency, which leads to the weakening of bones

61
Q

scar

A

collagen-rich skin formed after the process of wound healing that is different from normal skin

62
Q

sebaceous gland

A

type of oil gland found in the dermis all over the body and helps to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair by secreting sebum

63
Q

sebum

A

oily substance that is composed of a mixture of lipids that lubricates the skin and hair

64
Q

second-degree burn

A

partial-thickness burn that injures the epidermis and a portion of the dermis

65
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

type of skin cancer that originates from the stratum spinosum of the epidermis

66
Q

stratum basale

A

deepest layer of the epidermis, made of epidermal stem cells

67
Q

stratum corneum

A

most superficial layer of the epidermis

68
Q

stratum granulosum

A

layer of the epidermis superficial to the stratum spinosum

69
Q

stratum lucidum

A

layer of the epidermis between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum, found only in thick skin covering the palms, soles of the feet, and digits

70
Q

stratum spinosum

A

layer of the epidermis superficial to the stratum basale, characterized by the presence of desmosomes

71
Q

stretch mark

A

mark formed on the skin due to a sudden growth spurt and expansion of the dermis beyond its elastic limits

72
Q

sudoriferous gland

A

sweat gland

73
Q

telogen

A

resting phase of the hair growth cycle initiated with catagen and terminated by the beginning of a new anagen phase of hair growth

74
Q

third-degree burn

A

burn that penetrates and destroys the full thickness of the skin (epidermis and dermis)

75
Q

vitamin D

A

compound that aids absorption of calcium and phosphates in the intestine to improve bone health

76
Q

vitiligo

A

skin condition in which melanocytes in certain areas lose the ability to produce melanin, possibly due an autoimmune reaction that leads to loss of color in patches

77
Q

3 parts of Hair shaft

A

Medulla
Cortex
Cuticle

78
Q

5 layers of skin

A 
Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
Spinosum
Basale

Stratum

Anatomy & Physiology (26 decks)

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