Chapter 16 - Reflexes

Question 1

Agnosis

Answer 1

loss of ability to recognize objects through a particular sensory system; may be visual, auditory, or tactile.

Question 2

Ataxia

Answer 2

inability to coordinate muscle movements, resulting in difficulty in walking, talking, and performing self-care activities

Question 3

Clonus

Answer 3

abnormal movement marked by alternating contraction and relaxation of a muscle occurring in rapid succession.

Question 4

Rigidity

Answer 4

increase in muscle tone at rest characterized by increased resistance to passive stretch.

Question 5

Spasiticity

Answer 5

sustained increase in tension of a muscle when it is passively lengthened or stretched

Question 6

Mental Status Exam

Answer 6

Intellect ( memory, calc, orient, recog)
New Learning - teach a task
Judgement - give scenario
Perception

Question 7

Cranial Nerves

Answer 7

Olfactory - smell
Optic - Snellen Chart
Oculomotor - pupil size and relax
Trochlear - follow finger
Trigeminal - up & down, left & right
Abducens - close eyes and touch face, close jaw
Facial - raise eyebrows and monitor symm
Vestibulocochlear - Weber test (tuning fork)
Glossopharyngeal - tongue movements
Vagus - tongue movements
Accessory - raise shoulders
Hypoglossal- stick out tongue straight

Question 8

Inborn Reflex

Answer 8

Rapid, Involuntary motor response to stimulus

Question 9

Learned Reflex

Answer 9

results from practice, repetition

Question 10

Physical Assessment

Answer 10

Mental status exam 
Cranial nerve assessment
Reflex testing
Motor system assessment
Sensory system assessment
Coordination
Gait

Question 11

Stretched muscle

Answer 11

Stretch activates muscle spindle
Sensory neurons synapse directly with motor neurons in spinal cord
motor neurons cause stretched muscle to contract
Reciprocal inhibition also occurs—IIa fibers synapse with interneurons that inhibit motor neurons of antagonistic muscles

Question 12

Flexor (Withdrawal) Reflex

Answer 12

Initiated by painful stimulus and causes automatic withdrawal. Brain can override.

Question 13

Crossed Extensor Reflex

Answer 13

Flexor reflexes in weight-bearing limbs to maintain balance.
Stimulated side withdrawn (flexed)
Contralateral side extended.

Question 14

Plantar Reflex

Answer 14

Tests integrity of (L4–S2)
Stimulus: stroke lateral aspect of sole
Normal Response: downward flexion of toes
Babinski’s sign: Hallux dorsiflexes; other digits fan laterally, normal in infants (1yr)

Question 15

Achilles

Answer 15

S1, S2

Question 16

Patellar

Answer 16

L3, L4

Question 17

Biceps

Answer 17

C5, C6

Question 18

Triceps

Answer 18

C6, C7

Question 19

Brachioradialis

Answer 19

C5, C6

Question 20

Motor System Exam Assesses what 4 things

Answer 20

Body positioning, involuntary movements, muscle tone, muscle strength

Question 21

Sensory System Exam Assesses what 6 things

Answer 21

Pain Sensation
Light touch sensation
position
Stereognosia (close eyes and guess what’s in hands),
Graphesthesia (write letter with eyes close)
Extinction

Question 22

Coordination Tests

Answer 22

Rapid alternating movements
Point-to-Point movements
Romberg (eyes closed, stand still for 5-10 secs)