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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 18 - Blood > Flashcards

Chapter 18 - Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Hematocrit

A

Take blood Centrifuge Separate out plasma, RBC and WBC

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2
Q

Distribution functions of blood

A

Deliver oxygen, hormones, and nutrients Remove waste CO2 to lungs Waste to Kidneys

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3
Q

Regulation Functions of Blood

A

Homeostatic regulation Adequate fluid volume Buffer for body pH

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4
Q

Protection Functions

A

WBC, external bacteria, mutated DNA, virus infected body cells, prevent blood loss, prevent infection

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5
Q

What is Plasma Made of

A

10% Proteins (60% Albumins) 90% Water, globulins, fibrinogen, electrolytes

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6
Q

Formed Elements

A

WBC - whole cell RBC - no organelles or nuclei Platelets Bone Marrow

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7
Q

RBC

A

erythrocytes - biconcave discs, anucleate, no organells, filled with hemoglobin (Hb), protein spectrin for flexiblity

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8
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Globin composed of 4 polypeptide chains Heme bonded to each globin (red) each Hb can transport 4 O2

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9
Q

Oxyhemoglobin

A

Loaded O2 (ruby Red)

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10
Q

Deoxyhemoglobin

A

Empty O2 (Dark Red)

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11
Q

Carbaminohemoglobin

A

Loaded CO2

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12
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

Blood Cell Production

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13
Q

Hematopoietic Stem Cells

A

Hemocytoblasts (All Formed Elements) Cells from red marrow enter blood sinusoids

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14
Q

Steps of Erythropoiesis

A

Myeloid Stem Cell Proerythroblast (commited RBC) Basophillic Erythroblast (ribosome synthesis) Polychromatic Erythroblast (Hb accumulation) Orthochromatic Erythroblast (Hb accumulation) Reticulocyte (ejection of nucleus) Enter blood stream and become mature RBC

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15
Q

Erythropoietin (EPO)

A

Stimulates RBC Production hormone from kidney

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16
Q

Hypoxia

A

Decreased RBC numbers due to hemorrhage or increased destruction Insufficient hemoglobin per RBC Reduced availability of O2

17
Q

Recycled RBC parts

A

Iron salvaged for reuse Heme degraded to bilirubin which is secreted into intestines Globin metabolized into amino acids

18
Q

Leukocytes

A

1% of total blood volume Defense against disease

19
Q

Diapedesis

A

Leukocytes leaving capillaries

20
Q

Types of Leukocytes

A

Granulocytes 1) Neutrophils 4) Eosinophils 5) Basophils Agranulocytes 2) Lymphocytes 3) Monocytes

21
Q

Neutrophil

A
  • Most numerous WBCs
  • Granules stain lilac; contain defensins
  • 3-6 lobes in nucleus; twice size of RBCs
  • Very phagocytic
22
Q

Basophil

A
  • Rarest WBCs
  • Nucleus deep purple with 1-2 constrictions
  • Large, purplish-black granules contain histamine
  • Similar to mast cells
23
Q

Eosinophil

A
  • Red-staining granules
  • Bilobed nucleus
  • Granules lysosome-like
  • Role in allergies and asthma
  • Role in modulating immune response
24
Q

Lymphocyte

A
  • Second most numerous WBC
  • Large, dark-purple, circular nuclei with thin rim of blue cytoplasm
  • Mostly in lymphoid tissue
  • Crucial to immunity
25
Q

Monocyte

A
  • Largest leukocytes
  • Abundant pale-blue cytoplasm
  • Dark purple-staining, U- or kidney-shaped nuclei
  • Actively phagocytic cells
26
Q

Leukopenia

A

Abnormally low WBC Count

27
Q

Leukemias

A

Cancer, many abnormal WBC

Myeloid Leukemia

Lymphocytic Leukemia

Acute Leukemia = stem cells (kids)

Chronic Leukemia = older ppl

28
Q

Mononucleosis

A

contagious viral disease

Epstein-Barr virus

high # of atypical agranulocytes

29
Q

Platelets

A

Fragments of Megakaryocytes

granules containing serotonin, Ca2+, enzymes, ADP, platelet-derived growth factor (act in clotting)

Formation regulated by thrombopoietin

30
Q

Steps of Hemostasis

A
  1. Smooth muscle contracts causing vasoconstriction
  2. Platelet plug formation, platelets adhere to collagen fibers
  3. platelets release chemicals that make nearby platelets sticky
  4. Coagulation - fibrin forms a mesh that traps red blood cells and platelets forming a clot
31
Q

Thrombus

A

Clot in Unbroken blood vessel

32
Q

Embolus

A

clot in bloodstream

33
Q

Embolism

A

Clot obstructing a vessel

34
Q

Anticoagulant Drugs

A

Asprin

Heparin

Warfarin

Dabigatran

35
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Deficient number of circulating platelets

36
Q

Petechiae

A

appear due to hemorrhage due to destruction of red bone marrow, treated with transfusion of platelets

Anatomy & Physiology (26 decks)

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