DEA + Social Class (Ex) Flashcards
(51 cards)
Define material deprivation
Lacking material items which may lead to educational success
What are 3 the external factors?
- Material deprivation
- Cultural deprivation
- Types of capital
What are the 3 parts of material deprivation?
- Diet + health (Howard)
- Housing (W+W, Leech + Campos)
- Financial support (Tanner, Flaherty, Ridge)
What does Howard (2001) argue?
Poorer homes have lower intake of energy, vitamins + minerals
Weakens immune system - increased illness, absence + concentration
Also effected by food (too much sugar)
What do Waldfogel + Washbrook (2010) argues?
Overcrowding, harder to study, lack of quiet spaces
Frequently moving, disrupts Ed (not in 1 place long enough to make connections)
Poor housing, causes illness
What do Leech + Campos argue?
‘Selection by mortgage’
Children = divided into those who can attend good schools vs bad schools
Determined by how much rent/ mortgage parents can afford to pay
How can a lack of financial support lead to DEA?
Children form poorer families tend to go without equipment + miss out on key experiences that would enhance Ed achievement
What does Tanner (2003) argue?
Hidden costs
Transport, trips, uniform, books
Put pressure on poorer families
2013, estimates £1646 per child
In 2013 how much were the hidden costs of Ed estimated to cost?
£1614 per child
What did Flaherty (2008) find?
20% those eligible for free school meals don’t take them due to stigma attached
What did Ridge (2002) find?
Some student from poorer families have part-time jobs
IOT help with costs of Ed
Less time for studies - affects Ed
Define cultural deprivation
Student may be inadequately socialised
Therefore lack n+v, attitudes + tastes needed for educational success
Define intellectual development
Development of thinking + reasoning skills
e.g ability to think, solve problems + use concepts/ ideas to express yourself
What do cultural deprivation theorists argue?
Many wc hoses lack books, educational activities
wc students haven’t been stimulated + start school without having developed intellectual skills (communication, literacy, numeracy) which = needed to progress
wc can be up to 1 year behind mc in cognitive development
What does Douglas (1964) find?
mc children scored higher on ability test @ young age
Argued that mc parents offer more Ed support @ home to develop their children’s intellect
e.g. reading to them
What did Hubbs-Trait et al (2002) find?
mc parents use language that challenges children to evaluate own understanding/ abilities
Educated parents more likely to do this
What are the 4 parts of cultural deprivation?
- Intellectual development
- Language
- wc subcultures/ attitudes + values
- Parental Ed
What are the 2 speech codes that Bernstein ID?
- Restricted (wc)
2. Elaborated (mc)
4 features of the restricted speech code
- Limited vocab, simple sentences, inaccurate grammar
- Speech = single words/ slang
- Descriptive, not analytical
- Context bound, assumes listener shares same set of experiences
features of the elaborated speech code
- Wider vocab, longer complex sentences
- Speech = varies, communicate abstract ideas
- Context free
How do speech codes affect children’s performance at school? (3)
- Elaborated code = used by: teachers, textbooks, exams
- mc students = fluent users of E. code when start school, more comfortable - success
- wc feel excluded - less successful
What advantage do mc students have in terms of speech codes? Why?
E. code = used by teachers, textbooks, exam
mc students already fluent, more at home/ comfortable - success
School doesn’t teach wc E. code
Douglas found that wc parents…. (4)
- Place value on educational success
- = less ambitious for their children
- Gave less encouragement to children
- Took less interest induction + visited schools less often than mc
- Result wc children less motivation to achieve
What does Feinstein argue is an important factor that affects children’s achievement?
Parent’s own education
mc parents tend to have better Ed.
