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Sociology Education > DEA + Social Class (Ex) > Flashcards

DEA + Social Class (Ex) Flashcards

1
Q

Define material deprivation

A

Lacking material items which may lead to educational success

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2
Q

What are 3 the external factors?

A
  1. Material deprivation
  2. Cultural deprivation
  3. Types of capital
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3
Q

What are the 3 parts of material deprivation?

A
  1. Diet + health (Howard)
  2. Housing (W+W, Leech + Campos)
  3. Financial support (Tanner, Flaherty, Ridge)
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4
Q

What does Howard (2001) argue?

A

Poorer homes have lower intake of energy, vitamins + minerals
Weakens immune system - increased illness, absence + concentration
Also effected by food (too much sugar)

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5
Q

What do Waldfogel + Washbrook (2010) argues?

A

Overcrowding, harder to study, lack of quiet spaces
Frequently moving, disrupts Ed (not in 1 place long enough to make connections)
Poor housing, causes illness

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6
Q

What do Leech + Campos argue?

A

‘Selection by mortgage’
Children = divided into those who can attend good schools vs bad schools
Determined by how much rent/ mortgage parents can afford to pay

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7
Q

How can a lack of financial support lead to DEA?

A

Children form poorer families tend to go without equipment + miss out on key experiences that would enhance Ed achievement

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8
Q

What does Tanner (2003) argue?

A

Hidden costs
Transport, trips, uniform, books
Put pressure on poorer families
2013, estimates £1646 per child

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9
Q

In 2013 how much were the hidden costs of Ed estimated to cost?

A

£1614 per child

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10
Q

What did Flaherty (2008) find?

A

20% those eligible for free school meals don’t take them due to stigma attached

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11
Q

What did Ridge (2002) find?

A

Some student from poorer families have part-time jobs
IOT help with costs of Ed
Less time for studies - affects Ed

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12
Q

Define cultural deprivation

A

Student may be inadequately socialised

Therefore lack n+v, attitudes + tastes needed for educational success

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13
Q

Define intellectual development

A

Development of thinking + reasoning skills

e.g ability to think, solve problems + use concepts/ ideas to express yourself

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14
Q

What do cultural deprivation theorists argue?

A

Many wc hoses lack books, educational activities
wc students haven’t been stimulated + start school without having developed intellectual skills (communication, literacy, numeracy) which = needed to progress
wc can be up to 1 year behind mc in cognitive development

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15
Q

What does Douglas (1964) find?

A

mc children scored higher on ability test @ young age
Argued that mc parents offer more Ed support @ home to develop their children’s intellect
e.g. reading to them

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16
Q

What did Hubbs-Trait et al (2002) find?

A

mc parents use language that challenges children to evaluate own understanding/ abilities
Educated parents more likely to do this

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17
Q

What are the 4 parts of cultural deprivation?

A
  1. Intellectual development
  2. Language
  3. wc subcultures/ attitudes + values
  4. Parental Ed
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18
Q

What are the 2 speech codes that Bernstein ID?

A
  1. Restricted (wc)

2. Elaborated (mc)

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19
Q

4 features of the restricted speech code

A
  1. Limited vocab, simple sentences, inaccurate grammar
  2. Speech = single words/ slang
  3. Descriptive, not analytical
  4. Context bound, assumes listener shares same set of experiences
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20
Q

features of the elaborated speech code

A
  1. Wider vocab, longer complex sentences
  2. Speech = varies, communicate abstract ideas
  3. Context free
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21
Q

How do speech codes affect children’s performance at school? (3)

A
  1. Elaborated code = used by: teachers, textbooks, exams
  2. mc students = fluent users of E. code when start school, more comfortable - success
  3. wc feel excluded - less successful
22
Q

What advantage do mc students have in terms of speech codes? Why?

A

E. code = used by teachers, textbooks, exam
mc students already fluent, more at home/ comfortable - success
School doesn’t teach wc E. code

23
Q

Douglas found that wc parents…. (4)

A
  1. Place value on educational success
  2. = less ambitious for their children
  3. Gave less encouragement to children
  4. Took less interest induction + visited schools less often than mc
    - Result wc children less motivation to achieve
24
Q

What does Feinstein argue is an important factor that affects children’s achievement?

A

Parent’s own education

mc parents tend to have better Ed.

25
Q

Why does Feinstein (2008) argue that mc children have the advantage in school?

A

mc parenting style, educational behaviours and use of income is better than parents who = wc

26
Q

What are the 3 criticisms of Feinstein’s work?

A
  1. Not all wc have a lower value of Ed
  2. Fewer wc parents attend events/ parents evening; long irregular hours
  3. Parents may want children to succeed, but don’t have resources/ skills to support them
27
Q

What is the mc parenting style according to Feinstein?

A

Consistent
Regular discipline
Clear, high expectations of children (beh too)

28
Q

What are mc parents educational behaviour according to Feinstein?

A

Educated, know how to assist children

More likely to spend time reading + teaching them basic literacy + maths

29
Q

What did Bernstein + Young find about mc parents use of income?

A

More likely to buy educational toys, encourage reasoning skills + stimulate intellectual development

30
Q

What do cultural deprivation theorists argue?

A

wc have subcultural values

Sugarman

31
Q

What 4 subcultural values to the wc have according to Sugarman?

A
  1. Immediate gratification
  2. Collectivism
  3. Fatalism
  4. Present-time orientation
    Act as barrier in educational achievement
32
Q

What are the 4 values that the mc have according to Sugarman?

A
  1. Delay gratification
  2. Individualism
  3. Sense of control
  4. Future time orientation
33
Q

Who argues that cultural deprivation is a myth?

A

Keddie

34
Q

What does Keddie argue?

A

Cultural deprivation is a myth
No child can be deprived of their own culture
wc have different culture, not necessarily inferior

35
Q

How have the G tried to reduce the effects of deprivation?

A

Compensatory education policies

36
Q

Name 4 compensatory education policies

A
  1. Operation head start
  2. Sure start
  3. Education priority areas
  4. Pupil premium
37
Q

What is operation head start?

How is it meant to compensate for deprivation?

A

Billion dollar scheme
Pre-school Ed, aimed at poorer areas of US
e.g. Sesame Street
Teach children language (especially E code), numeracy, values + attitudes for success

38
Q

What is sure start?

How is it meant to compensate for deprivation?

A

National programme
Aimed at pre-school children + parents
Many of services = free
Can get help/ advice on health, money, employment + parenting

39
Q

What is education priority areas?

A

Formally EAZ
Targeted at deprived inner-city areas
Particularly focusing on raising aspirations of wc + boys

40
Q

What is pupil premium?

A

New Right, 2011
Funding for children from disadvantaged backgrounds
Ensuring they get extra help
School = more £ for every wc child

41
Q

Evaluate the compensatory education policies put into place

A

Home factors ARE tackled

BUT many have been discontinued (EMA)

42
Q

What did Bourdieu argue?

A

Marxist
Material + cultural factors affect educational success
mc possess 3 capitals (cultural, educational, economic)
Social capital was added later by Ball

43
Q

What is cultural capital?

How does it lead to educational success?

A

m

44
Q

What social policy has benefitted the mc?

A

ERA 1998

45
Q

What are the 3 types of parents ID by Gewirtz?

A
  1. Privileged-skilled choosers (mc)
  2. Disconnected-local choosers (wc)
  3. Semi-skilled choosers (wc)
46
Q

What methodology did Gewirtz use?

A

Methodological pluralism
Interviewed teachers + parents in 14 LONDON 2ndary schools
Also used 2ndary data (prospectuses, exam results)

47
Q

What are privileged-skilled choosers?

A

mc parents who fully utilise choice
Knows how admission system works
Can afford to end children further away (£ capital)

48
Q

What are disconnected-local choosers?

A

wc parents
Don’t understand admission process
Less confident in contacting schools
Restricted by distance + costs

49
Q

What are semi-skilled choosers?

A

wc parents
Ambitious for children
However lack cultural capital

50
Q

Define culture clash

A

What wc students experience when they enter school (has mc culture)
Contributes to feeling that school is ‘not a place for them’
Could lead to lowed educational outcomes

51
Q

What are language codes?

A

Different ways students speak according to social class/ ethnic background
Can influence ability to do well in school

Sociology Education (14 decks)

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