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(DIT) Rapid Fire + 4/5 Stars > RNA Viruses > Flashcards

RNA Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Reoviruses

A

Rotavirus

Coltivirus

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2
Q

Rotavirus

A

non enveloped, icosahedral, dsRNA

primary cause of fatal diarrhea in children

infection –> severe D/V, dehydration, electrolyte abnormalities

Winter
Daycares, playgroups

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3
Q

Coltivirus

A

Colorado Tick fever

mountainous regions of Western US and Canada
Wood tick

acute, self limited, flu like illness

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4
Q

Picornaviruses

A 
Poliovirus
Echovirus
Coxsackievirus
Hepatitis A virus
Rhinovirus
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5
Q

Enteroviruses

A

Poliovirus
Echovirus
Coxsackievirus

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6
Q

Poliovirus

A

anterior horn lesions
motor neurons of pons and medulla

SalK vaccine - injected Killed

Savin vaccine - oral, live
“saben alive”

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7
Q

Echovirus

A

infection –> aseptic meningitis, myocarditis, URIs

Summer out breaks

Dx: PCR of CSF

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8
Q

Coxsackievirus

A

aseptic meningitis
myocarditis and pericarditis

vesicular papular lesions of palms and soles

herpangina
hand, foot, mouth dz

febrile pharyngitis

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9
Q

Hepatitis A virus

A

fecal-oral transmission

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10
Q

Rhinovirus

A

“common cold”

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11
Q

Caliciviruses

A

Norovirus

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12
Q

Norovirus

A

viral gastroenteritis –> V/D
diarrheal outbreaks on cruise ships and nursing homes

point source outbreaks

fecal-oral route

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13
Q

Togaviruses

A

Rubella

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14
Q

Rubella

A

TORCH infection

“german measles”

  • fever, LAD, arthralgia
  • maculopapular rash

Pregnant contraction of virus –> congenital rubella syndrome

  • cardiac defects: PDA, pulmonic stenosis
  • cataracts
  • deafness
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15
Q

Coronavirus

A

“common cold”
SARS
MERS

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16
Q

Retroviruses

A

enveloped RNA virus
HIV
Human T cell Leukemia Virus (HTLV)

use reverse transcriptase

17
Q

Flaviviruses

A 
Yellow Fever
Dengue fever
West Nile virus
St. Louis Encephalitis
Hep C virus
18
Q

Yellow fever

A

50% fatal
Aedes mosquito
Subsaharan Africa, South America

high fever
hemorrhagic dz:
-hematemetis
-epistaxis
-gum bleeding
-petechia
-purpura
-coffee ground emesis - black
jaundice
19
Q

Dengue fever

A

Most prevalent mosquito-borne viral dz worldwide
over 50M annual infections

severity mild to life-threatening

Classic dengue fever: “break bone fever” - muscle/joint pain, HA, retro-orbital pain

Hemorrhagic fever: developed by less than 20% of dengue pos - life threatening

Tourniquet test:
WHO field test for hemorrhagic fever
BP inflated to point between SBP and DBP for 5 min
If excess petechiae = increased capillary wall fragility and thrombocytopenia

20
Q

West Nile virus (WNV)

A

Birds reservoir (amplifying host), mosquitos vectors - humans, horses, dogs incidental hosts

Usual sx: HA, malaise, back pain, myalgia, anorexia for 3-6 days

Severe sx in 1/150: meningitis +/- encephalitis including muscle weakness and flaccid paralysis (via anterior horn involvement), alterations in consciousness, possible death

Dx: serology for IgM anti-WNV Abs - serum or CSF

Tx: supportive

21
Q

RNA virus encephalitis

A

Arboviruses - vector carried

St. Louis encephalitis virus
Eastern equine encephalitis virus
Western equine encephalitis virus
California encephalitis virus

22
Q

Orthomyxovirus

A

enveloped, ssRNA
Hemagglutinin promotes viral attachment to host cell
Neuramindase helps release progeny virians

Influenza virus

23
Q

Complications of influenza virus

A

viral pneumonia
secondary bacterial infections
-S. pneumo, S. aureus
–> death

24
Q

Influenza virus vaccines

A

Trivalent vaccine: 2A, 1 B
Quadrivalent vaccine: 2A, 2B

Vaccine over 6 mo

Intranasal - live attenuated, 2-49 yo, healthy, nonpregnant

25
Q

Avian influenza

A

H5N1 - 60% mortality

spreads only from bird to human, fears of human to human spread

Sx: URI, Diarrhea, fever, pancytopenia, elevated ALT, AST

Dx: reverse transcriptase PCR or viral cx

Tx: oseltamivir (tamiflu)

26
Q

Swine flu

A

H1N1

Derived from 2 swine flu, 1 human, and 1 avian strain

Sx: typical flu + GI sx

Tx: oseltamivir or zanamivir to high risk or severely ill pts

27
Q

Paramyxoviruses

A 
parainfluenza virus
respiratory syncytial virus
rubeola virus
mumps virus
rabies virus
28
Q

Parainfluenza virus

A

Croup

laryngotracheobronchitis

6 mo - 3 yrs - leading cause of hospitalization in children younger than 4 yrs

Sx: “barking seal” cough, respiratory distress - mimic asthma, inspiratory stridor

Clinical dx
CXR - “steeple sign” - subglottic narrowing

Tx: cool mist humidifier (no proven benefit), racemic epinephrine, one dose dexamethasone, supportive, O2 as needed

29
Q

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis

A

enveloped virus
F protein (fusion protein) -infected cells bind to uninfected cells –> syncitia of cells
Primary pneumonia in hospitalized kids

Bronchiolitis +/- pneumonia - young kids

Winter - same as flu season

Sx: characteristic brassy cough, wheezing, respiratory distress (mimic asthma)

Passive immunization w/ palivizumab (monoclonal RSV immunoglobin) monthly during winter months in premies or infants w/ chronic lung dz

Tx: supportive

30
Q

Rubeola virus

A

Measles
Enveloped, highly contagious

head cold - coryza (runny nose), cough, conjunctivitis

Koplik’s spots - blue-grey speck surrounded by base of red on buccal mucosa

–> widespread maculopapular rash
begins on head, works way down body

Complications:
Fetal loss
premature delivery
encephalitis - subacute sclerosis pan encephalitis (SSPE)
-progressive --> death

Giant cell pneumonia - immunocompromised host

31
Q

Mumps virus

A

enveloped

parotitis - 1 or both
orchitis –> sterility
meningitis

32
Q

Rabies virus

A

enveloped RNA

infection after exposure to infected animal - bite
virus travels through peripheral nerves to CNS

negri bodies - eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions w/ viral nucleocapsids

Bullet shaped caspid “Old Yeller took a bullet”

Sx less than 1 mo up to 1 yr after exposure
-fever, malaise, N/V
-strange behavior, hallucinations
hydrophobia

coma –> death

Rabies vaccine post exposure tx

33
Q

Hanta virus

A

hemorrhagic fever
pulmonary syndrome: fever, progressive pulmonary edema –> respiratory failure

aerosolized mouse urine - deer mouse

34
Q

Ebola virus

A

Prevention key

Infected blood or fluids
contact and droplet isolation
10^9/mL fluid

2-21 days
sx 1-2 weeks

Fever, HA, myalgia

  • -> V/D - fluid loss, electrolyte imbalances
  • -> multi organ failure, shock, death

Tx: supportive

35
Q

Marburg virus

A

hemorrhagic fever

(DIT) Rapid Fire + 4/5 Stars (162 decks)

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