Pediatrics

Question 1

Low birth weight

Answer 1

Under 2500 g

Increased risk of:
Neonatal respiratory distress sn
Necrotizing entercolitis
Intraventricular hemorrhages
Persistent fetal circulation
Infections, sepsis
SIDS

Question 2

Neonatal meningitis causes

Answer 2

Group B strep
E coli
Listeria

Tx empirically w/ ampicillin + gentamycin

Question 3

Neonatal pneumonia causes

Answer 3

Group B strep
E coli

Tx empirically w/ ampicillin + gentamycin

Question 4

Sudden infant death syndrome

Answer 4

Prevalent in low birth weight and premies
#1 cause infant mortality from 1 mo to 1 yr

usually 2-4 mo
while sleeping

maternal risk factors: low socioeconomic status, under 20, drugs or cigarettes during pregnancy

Infant risk factors: low birth wt, male, prematurity, prone sleeping position, prior sibling w/ SIDS

Preventive measures:
“back to Sleep” campaign, avoid co-sleeping and smoke exposure, breastfeeding, use of pacifier when sleeping, fan in the room

airway obstruction:
external: pillows, bedding
Internal: floppy airways, mucus

Question 5

Tanner stage 1

Answer 5

Boy genitalia: prepubertal

Girl breast development: prepubertal

Pubic hair: prepubertal

Question 6

Tanner stage 2

Answer 6

Boy genitalia: enlargement of scrotum and testes – coarsening of skin of scrotum

Girl breast development: bud with elevation of breast and papilla, areola enlarges

Pubic hair: sparse long, slightly pigmented hair

Question 7

Tanner stage 3

Answer 7

Boy genitalia: enlargement of penis (length first)

Girl breast development: further enlargement

Pubic hair: darker, coarser and more curled

Question 8

Tanner stage 4

Answer 8

Boy genitalia: penis: growth in breadth and development of glans; testes: enlarge, scrotum: larger and darker

Girl breast development: areola and papilla form a secondary mound above the level of the breast

Pubic hair: adult hair in type and covering but smaller area

Question 9

Tanner stage 5

Answer 9

Boy genitalia: adult

Girl breast development: mature- only papilla projects as areola recesses

Pubic hair: adult in type and quantity – medial thigh

Question 10

Neoplasms in children

Answer 10

ALL
Astrocytoma
Neuroblastoma
Hemangioma
Wilms tumor
Hepatoblastoma
Retinoblastoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Ewing sarcoma
Osteogenic sarcoma
Lymphoma (lymphoblastic)
Teratoma