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from flashcardlet > Human Bio Unit 1 - Heart Disease > Flashcards

Human Bio Unit 1 - Heart Disease Flashcards

0
Q

Choronary heart disease

A

Affects the coronary arteries that supply the heart muscle with the glucose and oxygen it needs

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1
Q

What form of heart disease makes up almost half the deaths in the UK?

A

choronary heart disease

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2
Q

Atheroma

A

A fatty deposit that forms within the wall of an artery

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3
Q

Stages of an atheroma

A

Begins as fatty streaks that are accumulations of white blood cells that have taken up low density lipoprotein

Streaks start to enlarge to form an atheromatous plaque

The plaques bulge into the lumen of the arteries and restrict blood flow

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4
Q

Low density lipoprotein

A

Bad forms of cholesterol

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5
Q

Were do antheromatous plaques usual occur?

A

Larger arteries

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6
Q

Formation of a thrombosis

A

Antheromatous plaque restricts blood and blood pressure goes up

This causes damage to the endothelium of the artery

Platelets aggregate and lay down a blood clot

this is now called a thrombosis

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7
Q

What is an endothelium?

A

The lining of the artery

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8
Q

Dangers of a mobile thrombosis

A

Could move around the body and end up in the lungs or causing a blockage to the heart

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9
Q

What is an aneurysm?

A

When arteries swell to form a balloon like structure full of blood

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10
Q

What causes an aneurysm?

A

When a antheroma weakens a arteries wall

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11
Q

What are the dangers of an aneurysm?

A

They often burst and cause a haemorrhage

Causes a loss of blood in that region of the body

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12
Q

What is a brain aneurysm called?

A

Cerebrovascular aneurysm

Stroke

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13
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Heart attack

When there is a reduced supply of oxygen to the muscle of the heart

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14
Q

Symptom of cardiovascular disease

A

Myocardial infraction

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15
Q

What causes a myocardial infarction?

A

A blockage in one of the coronary arteries

16
Q

What happens if there is a blockage close to the junction of the coronary artery and aorta?

A

The heart will stop beating because the blood supply is completely cut off

17
Q

Name 3 risk factors that make you more likely to get choronary heart disease

A

Poor diet

Smoking

Hereditary

18
Q

Two main parts of tobacco that increases the chances of choronary heart disease

A

Carbon monoxide

Nicotine

19
Q

How does carbon monoxide effect chances of getting choronary heart disease?

A

Combines irreversibly with haemoglobin in red blood cells

Lowers oxygen carrying capabilities

Can lead to an insufficient supply of oxygen to the heart

20
Q

How long is the lifecycle of a red blood cell?

A

About 120 days

21
Q

How does nicotine effect chances of getting choronary heart disease?

A

Stimulates the production of adrenaline which increases heart rate and blood pressure

Makes red blood cells more “sticky” which makes a thrombosis more likely

22
Q

Effects of high blood pressure on the heart and circulatory system

A

Makes the heart pump harder - makes it more prone to fail

Arteries are more likely to develop an aneurysm and burst

To resist high blood pressure arteries may become hardened and thicker - reducing blood flow

23
Q

Blood cholesterol

A

Cholesterol is a essential component in cell membranes

Carried around our bodies in the plasma in tiny spheres of lipoprotein

24
Q

2 types of cholesterol

A

High density lipoprotein

Low density lipoprotein

25
Q

Why is cholesterol essential in cell membranes?

A

Makes the flexible

26
Q

Beta blockers

A

Has complimentary shape to receptor site so stops the heart rate from increasing and raising blood pressure

27
Q

Aspirin

A

Prevents blood clotting

Prevents thrombosis formation

28
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

Stabilise plaques - stop thrombosis braking off

29
Q

Statins

A

Reduce low density lipoproteins

Increase high density lipoproteins

30
Q

Angioplasty

A

Passed into heart through the aorta

Guided into damage aorta

Inflated to stretch artery

31
Q

Heart by-pass graft

A

Used to by-pas the blocked section of the coronary artery

Involves open heart surgery

32
Q

Where do the veins and arteries for a heart by-pass graft come from?

A

Veins - legs

Arteries - chest

33
Q

Reperfusion therapy after a myocardial infarction

A

Angioplasty done within 90 minutes of chest pain

May prevent irreversible damage to the heart muscle

34
Q

What do you screen the public for when trying to prevent choronary heart disease?

A

High blood pressure

Smoking

Uncontrolled diabetes

High cholesterol

from flashcardlet (72 decks)

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