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from flashcardlet > Human Bio Unit 2 - Human Evolution > Flashcards

Human Bio Unit 2 - Human Evolution Flashcards

0
Q

What ancestor branched off?

A

Homo neanderthalensis

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1
Q

Order of direct ancestors starting from the oldest

A

Australopithecus

Homo habilis

Homo erectus

Homo sapiens

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2
Q

Where did Homo branch off?

A

After Homo erectus

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3
Q

When and where did Australopithecus live?

A

6 million years ago

Africa

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4
Q

Facial features of Australopithecus

A

Flat face

Flat nose

No chin

Powerful jaws

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5
Q

How did the Australopithecus walk

A

Upright

Probably had more of a rolling gate than humans

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6
Q

What came after Australopithecus?

A

Homo habalis

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7
Q

How tall was Homo habalis?

A

No more than 1.5m tall

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8
Q

What does scientists believe was the first of our genus?

A

Homo habalis

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9
Q

Homo habalis’ brain

A

Larger than Australopithecus

Still half the size of humans

Suggested it had a well developed Broca’s area that is important in speech production

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10
Q

Facial features of Homo habilis?

A

Smaller and less protecting than Australopithecus

More parabola shaped jaws

Narrower teeth

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11
Q

First to use tools?

A

Homo habilis

Simple stone tools were found near bones

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12
Q

How did Homo habilis get it’s food?

A

Scavenged from carcasses of carnivore kills

Hunted both large and small prey

Gathered plant foods

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13
Q

What came after Homo habilis?

A

Homo erectus

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14
Q

Homo erectus’ brain

A

Larger than Homo habilis’

Larynx not as developed as humans, but enough to have a language

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15
Q

Facial features of Homo erectus?

A

Flat cranium

Big bump on the back of the skull where the neck muscles attach

Large brow ridges

Large chewing muscles

Larger teeth and jaws than humans

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16
Q

Who was probably the first to use fire?

A

Homo erectus

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17
Q

How did Homo erectus hunt?

A

In groups

18
Q

Tools made by Homo erectus

A

Made type of tools called the Acheulin culture

Axes

Cleavers

Scrapers

19
Q

Who came after Homo erectus?

A

Homo sapiens

Homo neanderthalsis

20
Q

When did Homo habilis live?

A

Between 1.5 and 2 million years ago

21
Q

When did Homo neanderthalsis live?

A

Between 40,000 and 70,000 years ago

22
Q

When did Hobo naenderthalsis become extint?

A

About 30,000 years ago

23
Q

Why do people think Homo naenderthalsis became extinct?

A

Were out competed by humans

24
Q

What climate was Homo naenderthalsis adapted to?

A

The cold weather of Northern Europe

25
Q

Homo naenderthalsis’ culture

A

Highly developed

First to bury their dead, and left grave goods of flowers or meat with them

Painted their bodies

26
Q

What two groups do people believe may have interbred?

A

Homo naenderthalsis

Homo sapiens

27
Q

Facial features of Homo naenderthalsis?

A

Similar skulls to Homo erectus

28
Q

Homo naenderthalsis’ brain

A

Slightly larger than humans

29
Q

Built of Homo naenderthalsis?

A

Very muscular and strong

Large joints and hands

30
Q

Homo naenderthalsis and tools

A

Made sophisticated tools

Tool culture called Mousterian

Made knife blades from flakes

31
Q

Homo sapiens

A

Evolved from Homo erectus

32
Q

When did Homo sapiens appear?

A

About 40,000 years ago

33
Q

Who are Homo sapiens thought to be closely related to?

A

Homo naenderthalsis

34
Q

Build of Homo sapien

A

Taller but less powerful than Homo naenderthalsis

35
Q

Homo sapiens and tools

A

Developed a very efficient way to make tools called indirect percussion

Developed a throwing harpoon device

Built snares and traps

36
Q

What were the advantages of throwing harpoons developed by Homo sapien?

A

Improved range and meant they didn’t have to get so close to their prey, so the prey was less likely to startle and run

37
Q

What did Homo sapiens hunt?

A

Birds

Wolves

Larger animals

38
Q

What were Homo sapiens aware of and how did it benefit their hunting?

A

Migration

Meant they could find animals to hunt all year round

39
Q

What were the homes of Homo sapiens like?

A

Seasonal

Wood

Bone

Animal skins and bones

Used caves

40
Q

A fully opposable thumb might have given early humans a survival advantage. Suggest how

A

Allows more power and/or precision grips

More skilful use of tools

More skilful use of weapons

41
Q

Natural selection could have resulted in the fully opposable thumb becoming widespread in early humans. Suggest how

A

Those with opposable thumbs reproduce more successfully

Mutant alleles passed on in greater numbers

Increases the alleles frequency in the next generation

Therefore increases the frequency of opposable thumbs in next generation

repeated over many generations

42
Q

Explain how being taller and thinner makes you more adapt at living in a warm climate

A

Larger surface area to volume ratio

Heat lost more easily so easier to maintain body temperature

43
Q

Some biologists believe language evolved at the same time as humans became hunters. Suggest ONE advantage of language to a society that depends on hunting

A

Allows better organisation of hunts/ better planning

Better information on location of food

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