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Child Health > Developmental delay > Flashcards

Developmental delay Flashcards

1
Q

what varies in development the sequence or the rate

A

rate

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2
Q

define developmental delay

A

failure to attain appropriate developmental milestones for child’s corrected chronological age

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3
Q

what is global developmental delay

A

when 2 or more areas of development are delayed

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4
Q

give an example of a cause of global developmental delay

A

downs syndrome

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5
Q

what is specific developmental delay

A

when one area of development affected

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6
Q

name a cause of specific developmental delay

A

duchennes muscular dystrophy

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7
Q

what are the patterns of abnormal development

A

delay (global and specific)
deviation (e.g. autism)
regression (loose abilities previously acquired)

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8
Q

what can cause developmental regression

A

retts syndrome, metabolic disorders (genetic conditions causing biochem pathways to go wrong)

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9
Q

what is the average IQ

A

100

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10
Q

how many kids have autism

A

1%

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11
Q

give examples of specific learning disabilities

A

dyslexia, dyspraxia

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12
Q

an IQ less than what classifies as a severe learning difficulty

A

less than 50

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13
Q

what are the red flags for development

A

asymmetry of movement (power on one side, toppling over on one side)
not reaching for objects by 6 months
unable to sit unsupported by 12 months
unable to walk by 18 months (check CK for MD)
no speech by 18 months
concerns re vision or hearing
loss of skills- regression

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14
Q

when should you reach for things

A

3-4 months

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15
Q

what might cause no speech by 18 months

A

autism, hearing, understanding, problems forming words

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16
Q

what is ADL

A

activities of daily living

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17
Q

what is involved in medical screening in downs syndrome

A

cardiac
vision
hearing (Brachycephaly can impinge on tubes)
thyroid function (prone to underactive thyroid)
sleep related breathing disorders (sleep apnoea)
growth charts (short, more prone to obesity)
development

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18
Q

does developmental delay catch up?

A

no gap widens as get older, delay more like a percentage, reach peak at 16

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19
Q

what can cause motor delays

A

duchennes MD, cerebral palsy, co-ordination disorders

20
Q

what can cause language delays

A

specific language impairment

21
Q

what can cause sensory deficits and associates delay

A

oculocutaneous albinism, treacher collins

22
Q

what can cerebral palsy cause a delay in

A

speech and cognition, motor

23
Q

what is the inheritance of duchennes MD

A

X linked

24
Q

how can you test for duchennes MD

A

high CK

25
Q

why do you get an arched back in duchennes MD

A

weakness in pelvic girdle

26
Q

why do some muscles appear very strong in duchennes

A

pseudohypertrophy- muscles replaced by fibrous tissue

27
Q

what manoeuvre is seen in duchennes

A

gowers

28
Q

what conditions are associated with cerebral palsy

A 
mobility problems 
spasticity 
orthopaedic problems 
learning difficulties 
epilepsy 
visual/hearing difficulties 
communication difficulties 
feeding problems 
sleep problems 
behaviour problems
29
Q

what type of hearing loss is seen in treacher collins

A

conductive- bones not formed properly

30
Q

what is the autistic triad

A

communication
social interaction
flexibility of thought/imagination

31
Q

what types of behaviours are seen in autism

A

restrictive or repetitive

32
Q

what language signs can be seen in autism

A 
finding abstract language difficult
visually more able 
echoes 
odd intonation/pitch 
can repeat chunks of video speak
33
Q

what non verbal language can autistic kids struggle with

A

facial expression, eye contact, recognising intentions of others

34
Q

how can autistic people struggle with the use of language

A

initiating and substaining conversation
restricted interests
lack of awareness of reciprocal nature of conversation

35
Q

how can autism affect social interaction

A 
joint attention and referencing difficult 
turn taking hard
unable to share pleasure 
no motivated by social approval 
social rules 
empathy 
relationships 
others point of view/ feelings
36
Q

what is flexibility of thought like in autism

A 
concrete and literal ideas 
concept of time 
routines 
change in environment hard to cope with 
ritualistic behaviour
37
Q

what are the sensory issues in autism

A 
fussy eater/ medications 
textures of clothes
sleep 
toilet training 
hair washing/ cutting 
nail cutting 
noise
38
Q

what should be included in a history about the pregnancy

A

preterm? alcohol, smoking, postnatal depression

39
Q

what should be included in an exam in developmental delay

A

observation, dysmorphism, head circumference, systems, CNS including neurocutaneous, vision, hearing

40
Q

what type of hearing loss in glue ear

A

conductive

41
Q

what investigations of developmental delay

A

chromosomes
fragile X
oligoarray CGH

neonate PKU (metabolism disorder)
thryoid studies
CK

if indicated:
brain MRI
EEG (seizures)
metabolic studies 
genetic consultation
42
Q

what is the typical pattern for cerebral palsy

A

C pattern- spastic diplegia

43
Q

what is the key to developmental delay

A

early intervention: special to each child- therapy (physio, SLT, OT), family support, education, referral

44
Q

what type of hearing loss does sensorineural produce

A

worst at high frequencies

45
Q

what type of hearing loss does conductive produce

A

worst at all frequencies

46
Q

what is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss

A

glue ear

47
Q

what condition is freckling of the axilla and cafe au lait spots seen in

A

neurofibromatosis type 1

Child Health (17 decks)

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