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Child Health > Revision > Flashcards

Revision Flashcards

1
Q

what can cause disordered development

A

congenital/ genetic problems
prematurity
neglect

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2
Q

what can cause incomplete/ advanced development

A

immaturity
precocity (puberty too early)
disability

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3
Q

what are vital signs like in neonates

A

HR and RR high

BP is low

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4
Q

what causes RDS

A

born early without surfactant in lungs

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5
Q

describe bronchiolitis

A

viral infection that only affects children, only get it once, supportive treatment only

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6
Q

what is the biggest risk for teenagers

A

risk taking behaviour- drugs, alcohol, RTA

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7
Q

when do most paed deaths happen

A

in first year on life, especially at risk in first month of life

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8
Q

what is the main cause of child death

A

communicable diseases (infections)

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9
Q

when do you get a heel prick to test for cystic fibrosis

A

6 days old

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10
Q

what is cerebral palsy

A

group of disorders of movement and posture that are attributed to non progressive disturbances in the developing foetal or infant brain
often accompanied with disturbances of sensation, cognition, communication, behaviour, seizures

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11
Q

what increases the risk of cerebral palsy

A

premature, small, twin/ multiple births, maternal hypo/hypertension

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12
Q

what can cause cerebral palsy before birth

A

perventricular leukomalacia, congenital infection, injury in the womb

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13
Q

what is periventricular leukomalacia

A

a type of brain injury that is most common in babies born too soon (premature) or at low birthweight. The white matter (leuko) surrounding the ventricles of the brain (periventricular) is deprived of blood and oxygen leading to softening (malacia).

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14
Q

what can cause cerebral palsy during/after birth

A

HIE (Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy), meningitis, head injury, near drowning

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15
Q

what is hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

A

a type of brain damage that occurs when an infant’s brain doesn’t receive enough oxygen and blood

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16
Q

what potential problems do people with cerebral palsy face

A

gross/fine motor delay, speech/ communication, sleep disturbances, pain, high/low tone, low bone mineral density, salivation, nutrition, swallowing, seizures, orthopaedic issues (high tone causing dislocations)

social isolation, education, financial, stigma, independent living, living with chronic problems, behavioural issues, toileting issues, employment

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17
Q

when do you give children GH

A

GH deficiency (pan hypopituitarism), chronic renal failure, turners

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18
Q

will GH help constitutional grow delay

A

no

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19
Q

how will precocious puberty affect height

A

make you shorter

20
Q

how can you suppress precocious puberty

A

give high levels of GNRH to suppress LH and FSH- given as 6 monthly injections

21
Q

how do you plot bone age

A

with a filled in triangle

22
Q

how do you asses disproportionate growth (e.g. skeletal dysplasia)

A

sitting vs standing height

23
Q

when are you classified short

A

when you are below 2nd centile

24
Q

when are you on a centile

A

+/- a 1/4 centile

25
Q

what do you use to asses testicular volume

A

orchidometer

26
Q

what is the average age for a girl to enter puberty in UK

A

11

27
Q

what is adrenarche

A

greasy skin, spots, hair

28
Q

what is thelarche

A

breast development

29
Q

when after thelarche does menarche usually occur

A

2-3 years

30
Q

when does a baby follow a face/moving object by turning its head

A

6 weeks

31
Q

when do you develop palmar grip

A

6 months

32
Q

when do you transfer toys from hand to hand

A

7 months

33
Q

when do you reach out for toys

A

4 months

34
Q

when do you sit without support without a rounded back

A

6 months

35
Q

when do you raise your head 45 degrees when prone

A

6 to 8 weeks

36
Q

when do you sit up straight without support

A

8 months

37
Q

what test for prader willi syndrome

A

Array Comparative Genomic Hybridisation (aCGH)

38
Q

what test for DiGeorge syndrome

A

Array Comparative Genomic Hybridisation (aCGH)

39
Q

what test for turners syndrome

A

Array Comparative Genomic Hybridisation (aCGH)

40
Q

what test for downs syndrome

A

Array Comparative Genomic Hybridisation (aCGH)

41
Q

what test for sickle cell disease

A

next gen sequencing

42
Q

is congenital hypothyroidism screened for in newborns

A

yes

43
Q

are neurofibromatosis type 1, congenital heart disease, duchennes and osteogenesis imperfecta screened for in newborns

A

no

44
Q

what are the contraindications to vaccines

A

severe anaphylactic reaction to previous dose of same antigen
Live vaccines in the immunocompromised
Severe latex allergy
Egg allergy (some flu vaccines and yellow fever)

45
Q

name 3 live attenuated vaccines

A

yellow fever, MMR, BCG

Child Health (17 decks)

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