Global and Public Health

Question 1

define under 5 mortality rate

Answer 1

probability of a child born in a specific year or period dying before reaching the age of 5

Question 2

define infant mortality rate

Answer 2

probability of a child born in a specific year or period dying before reaching the age of 1

Question 3

what are morality rates based off

Answer 3

deaths per 1000 live births

Question 4

what globally are the top 5 causes of under 5 mortality

Answer 4

preterm birth complications, pneumonia, intrapartum- related complications
diarrhoea
neonatal sepsis

Question 5

what are the top 5 causes of under 5 mortality in africa

Answer 5

diarrhoea, pneumonia, malaria, pre term complications, intra-partum complications

Question 6

how can you prevent pneumonia

Answer 6

vaccinations, nutrition, good hygiene

Question 7

what is the treatment for diarrhoea

Answer 7

oral dehydration solution, zinc supplements (improves immune response and reduces length of the illness)

Question 8

can the mother child transmission of HIV (pregnancy, delivery, breastfeeding) be prevented

Answer 8

can be reduced to 1% when viral load of mother is undetectable

Question 9

what is the presentation of HIV in children

Answer 9

recurrent or severe common childhood illnesses (otitis media, diarrhoea), recurrent oral candidiasis that doesnt respond to treatment, recurrent severe bacterial infection (meningitis), failure to thrive/ growth failure, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, fever

Question 10

what is the treatment for HIV

Answer 10

HAART: two NRTIs plus one NNRTI or protease inhibitor

Question 11

should you give BCG in patient with HIV

Answer 11

no. may get disseminated BCG disease

Question 12

what is the presentation of tuberculosis in children

Answer 12

chronic cough or fever >2 weeks, night sweats, weight loss, lymphadenopathy

Question 13

what are risk factors for TB

Answer 13

HIV, malnutrition, household contact

Question 14

what causes malaria

Answer 14

plasmodium parasite from female anopheles mosquito

Question 15

what is the presentation of malaria

Answer 15

fever, pallor, non specific malaise

Question 16

what is the treatment for malaria

Answer 16

artemisinin based combination therapy for 3 days

Question 17

what are the parameters of severe acute malnutrition

Answer 17

mid arm circumference <115mm

weight for height

Question 18

what is the first thing you treat in malnutrition

Answer 18

hypoglycaemia, hypothermia, infection and dehydration

Question 19

what can cause secondary epilepsy

Answer 19

malaria, RTA, meningitis, birth asphyxia

Question 20

what is health inequality

Answer 20

differences in health status or in the distribution of health determinants between different populations groups

Question 21

what are indicators if risk of health inequality

Answer 21

family breakdown/ disharmony 
lack of family rituals 
poor domestic/ financial management 
neglect 
lack of boundaries/ discipline 
lack of routine/ consistency 
violence/ abuse

Question 22

what are the features children/ adolescents can have when faced with social injustice

Answer 22

anti-social behaviour 
isolated/ withdrawn 
behavioural issues 
emotional issues 
child assuming role of carer

Question 23

what can protect children in social injustice

Answer 23

close and stable relationship with a caring adult

opportunities at times of transition