Primary Care

Question 1

what are important points to include in a paediatric history

Answer 1

eating/ drinking?
bowels/ urine
parental concern
immunisation history

Question 2

what can cause prolonged neonatal jaundice

Answer 2

urinary tract infection, hypothyroidism, galactosaemia, breast milk jaundice, billiary atresia

Question 3

what causes physiological neonatal jaundice

Answer 3

increased erythrocyte breakdown and immature liver function

Question 4

what are the parameters for prolonged jaundice

Answer 4

term baby 14 days

pre term baby 21 days

Question 5

what can cause neonatal vomiting

Answer 5

reflux, CMP intolerance, pyloric stenosis, sepsis, duodenal atresia

Question 6

are all babies with temperatures worrying?

Answer 6

yes red flag

Question 7

what are common paediatric resp problems

Answer 7

'cold', infant not feeding can be a sign of resp disease, cough, 
wheeze- bronchiolitis, asthma,
croup- stridor,
viral URTI, acute tonsilitis,
nocturnal cough- asthma

Question 8

what causes bronchiolits

Answer 8

respiratory syncytial virus

Question 9

what are signs of laboured breathing in children

Answer 9

nasal flaring, intercostal recession, subcostal recession, grunting

Question 10

what is the normal RR ranges for children

Answer 10

<1 30-40
1-2 25-35
2-5 25-30
5-12 20-25
>12 15-20

Question 11

what are common GI children problems

Answer 11

abdo pain
vomiting 
diarrhoea 
nausea
constipation 
functional (stress or anxiety, school attendance)
UTI
coeliac

Question 12

what are common paediatric MSK problems

Answer 12

painful joints, limp, trauma

Question 13

what can cause joint pain in kids

Answer 13

inflammatory arthritis, perthes (AVN), slipped femoral epiphyses, osgood slatters, growing pains, bone tumours, infective causes (septic arthritis)

Question 14

what is osgood slatters

Answer 14

when young very active boys get knee pain at tibial tuberosity where patella tendon attaches

Question 15

what can cause a limp

Answer 15

DDH, perthes, trauma

Question 16

how is imbitigo treated

Answer 16

with topical antibiotics

Question 17

what is slapped cheek skin rash

Answer 17

caused by parovirus, will also have high temp and might have maculopapulo rash on trunk
self limiting condition

Question 18

what causes moluscum

Answer 18

pox virus- can take up to two years to go away

Question 19

what causes ‘strawberry tongue’ - white and red tongue

Answer 19

scarlet fever

Question 20

what are the symptoms of scarlet fever

Answer 20

florid rash on trunk, rash on cheeks, strawberry tongue

Question 21

what causes scarlet fever

Answer 21

streptococcus

Question 22

what causes hand foot and mouth

Answer 22

coxsackie virus

Question 23

what does the red light reflex look for

Answer 23

congenital retinal blastoma

Question 24

why are femoral pulses check in screening

Answer 24

absent pulse may indicate coarctation

Question 25

what are the sepsis paediatric red flags

Answer 25

unresponsive to social clues, difficult to rouse
health professional very worried
weak, high pitched or continuous cry
grunting respiration of apnoeic episodes SpO2 <90%
severe tachypnoea
severe tachycardia/ bradicardia <60
no wet nappies/ not urinated in past 18 hours
non blanching rash or mottled/ashen/cyanotic
temperature <36
in under 3 months temp> 38

Question 26

what classifies as tachypnoea in children

Answer 26

< 1 50-59 (severe >60)
1-2 40-49 (severe >50)
3-4 35-39 (severe >40)

Question 27

what classifies as tachycardia in children

Answer 27

< 1 150-159 (severe >160)
1-2 140-149 (severe >150)
3-4 130-139 (severe >140)

Question 28

what are the paediatric sepsis amber flags

Answer 28

parent/ clinician remains very concerned
abnormal response to social clues/ not smiling 
reduced activity/ very sleepy 
parent/ carer reports behaviour is abnormal 
maderate tachypnoea/ tachycardia 
SpO2 <91% or nasal flaring 
capillary refill >3 seconds
reduced urine output 
pale or flushed 
leg pain or cold extremities

Question 29

what is intussuception

Answer 29

complications of rotavirus- vaccinated against