Lab diagnosis Flashcards
(24 cards)
Six components of a CBC(complete blood count)
- rbc
- hemoglobin
- hermatocrit
- rbc endicease
- wbc (white blood cells)
- Platlet count
- WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT DIFFERENTIAL
RBC
Elevated symptoms
Decreased symptoms
Elevated RBC- Polycythemia
Decreased RBC-
- Anemia
- Fluid overload
- Hemorrhage
What are RBC Indices
RBC indices provide information about the size, hemoglobin concentration, and hemoglobin weight of an average RBC.
Hemoglobin- (HGB)
Elevated syptoms
decreased symptoms
Elevated Hgb- Dehydration, polycythemia, COPD, CHF, severe burns
Decreased Hgb- Anemia’s, hemorrhage, excess IV fluids, leukemia, cancer, kidney disease
Hemoglobin is comprised of ___ which carries ___
Hemoglobin- (HGB) Hemoglobin is composed of IRON which carries oxygen.
What is Hematocrit (Hct)
Hematocrit (Hct)- Measures the concentration of packed red blood cells in the blood. Expressed as a percentage.
Hermatocrit (hct)
Elevated syptoms
decreased symptoms
Decreased Level- Anemia, acute blood loss, Hemodiluted- to much liquid not enough hemoglobin and hematocrit
Increased Level- Hemoconcentration r/t dehydration Hemoconcentrated- Increased level of hemoglobin and hematocrit
WBC (white blood cells LEUKOCYTES)
Elevated syptoms
decreased symptoms
Elevated WBC- Infection
Decreased WBC- Bone marrow depression R/T viral infections, toxins
Normal WBC value?
4500 – 10,000 cells per cubic millimeter
Platelet count
Elevated syptoms
decreased symptoms
Elevated-
Thromboctosis(increased platelet count) occur after fractures, splenectomy and in polycythemia
Decreased Wbc- Thrombocytopenia- commonly associated with leukemia. Bleeding in the skin and bruising occur.
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (Sed Rate or ESR) Elevated syptoms
decreased symptoms
Increased ESR common in: Inflammatory conditions Rheumatoid arthritis Malignancy Myocardial Infarction End-stage renal disease
Why is sed rate done?
A sedimentation rate (sed rate) test is done to:
Find out if inflammation is present.
Check on the progress of a disease.
See how well a treatment is working.
What is the purpose of Prothrombin time(pt)
INR(International Normalized ratio)
Purpose:
To evaluate blood clotting time
To monitor response to ORAL(ON TEST) anticoagulant therapy
The International Normalized Ratio (INR) is used to monitor the effectiveness of blood thinning drugs such as warfarin
The higher the value the thinner the blood
What is the purpose of Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
Purpose
Used to monitor Intravenous therapy
To screen for clotting factor deficiencies
The higher the value the thinner the blood
More sensitive than the (PT)in detecting deficiencies
Assessment Finding: Low serum blood glucose level, confusion, cold clammy skin, tingling of the mouth, shallow rapid respirations, increased HR and BP
Glucose lower than 70 – 110 mg/dl
Hypoglycemia
Intervention: Restore glucose to the body-orally if possible or IV (D50)
Assessment Finding: High serum glucose level, fruity odor to breath, polyuria, polydipsia, increased thirst and hunger, hot flushed skin
Glucose greater than 70 – 110 mg/dl
Hyperglycemia
Intervention: Administer medications to decrease glucose level (insulin)
Assessment Finding: Decrease in serum potassium levels, weakness, muscle cramps, irregular pulse, NVD
Potassium - 3.5 – 5.3 mEq/l
Hypokalemia
Interventions: Replace serum potassium (IV or oral supplement) and monitor serum levels of potassium
Assessment Finding: Increase in serum potassium level, muscle cramps, low heart rate, low BP, diarrhea, decreased urine output
Potassium - 3.5 – 5.3 mEq/l
Hyperkalemia
Interventions: Decrease the serum potassium concentration (Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate), monitor serum levels of potassium, and monitor cardiac rhythm
Assessment Findings: Visual changes(client complaines that room is too dark in daylight)
Ocular Toxicity
Interventions: Monitor for any visual changes when giving any medication that is known to cause ocular damage; discontinue medication after notifying physician. Monitor lighting
Assessment Findings: Dizziness, ringing in the ears(tinnitus), loss of balance
Auditory Damage
Interventions: discontinue medication after notifying physician if a decrease in hearing is noted on assessment. Protective measures to prevent fall or injury.
Assessment Findings: Paralysis, tingling, bizarre dreams, confusion, hallucinations, delirium
General Central Nervous System (CNS) Effects
Interventions: Prevent injury. Caution patient to avoid dangerous situations (driving)
Assessment Findings: Dry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision, bloating constipation, impotence(inability of man to get erection)
Atropine-like (Anticholinergic) Effects
Interventions: Sugarless lozenges to keep mouth moist; have the patient void before administration of the medication, bowel program, control side effects, provide safety measures
Assessment Findings: Muscle tremors and changes in gait, “jittery”, drooling
Parkinson-like Syndrome
Interventions: Discontinue medication
Assessment Findings: Involuntary movements, slowed reflexes, fever, increased HR and BP
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Interventions: Discontinue medication
