pathogen Human Interaction

Question 1

Incubation period

Answer 1

1. Incubation period
   time from initial contact with the infectious agent to the appearance of first symptoms
   agent is multiplying but damage is insufficient to cause symptoms
   several hours to several years

Question 2

Prodromal stage

Answer 2

2. Prodromal stage
   – vague feelings of discomfort
   – nonspecific complaints

Question 3

Period of Invasion

Answer 3

3. Period of Invasion
– multiplies at high levels
– becomes well-established 
– more specific signs and symptoms 
– height of infection

Question 4

Convalescent

Answer 4

– person begins to respond to the infection

– symptoms decline

Question 5

Describe the stages of disease development

Answer 5

• Adhesion
• Invasion of pathogen (infectious agent)
• Multiplication/Infection (pathogen penetrates host defense and multiply)
• Infectious disease (an infection that causes damage or disruption to tissues and organs)

Question 6

Epidemiology

Answer 6

Epidemiology

The study of the frequency and distribution of disease and health-related factors in human populations

Question 7

CDC

Answer 7

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, GA – principal government agency responsible for keeping track of infectious diseases nationwide

Question 8

Adhesion

Answer 8

Adhesion
 microbes gain a stable foothold at the portal of entry
 dependent on binding between specific molecules on host and pathogen

– Fimbrae – Flagella – Glycocalyx – Cilia – Suckers – Hooks – Spikes

Question 9

Prevalence

Answer 9

Prevalence – total number of existing cases with respect to the entire population

EX: 3% of Americans have the flu

Question 10

Incidence

Answer 10

Incidence – measures the number of new cases over a certain time period

EX:There are 200% more cases of the flu this month than last

Question 11

Morbidity rate

Answer 11

Morbidity rate – number of people afflicted with a certain disease

Question 12

Mortality rate

Answer 12

Mortality rate – the total number of deaths in a population due to a certain disease

Question 13

Endemic

Answer 13

Endemic- disease limited to country
may be because animal that carries it only lives their
limited to animal vectors

Question 14

Sporadic

Answer 14

Disease that is always in 2-3 random places and cases are reported at irregular intervals

Question 15

Epidemic

Answer 15

Epidemic prevalence of a disease is increasing beyond what is expected

Question 16

Pandemic

Answer 16

Pandemic – epidemic across continents