Lab diagnostic2

Question 1

Hypoglycemia

Answer 1

Glucose (fasting) 70 – 110 mg/dl
Prediabetic 100-125
Panic values less then 40 greater then 700

Assessment Finding: Low serum blood glucose level, confusion, cold clammy skin, tingling of the mouth, shallow rapid respirations, increased HR and BP

Intervention: Restore glucose to the body-orally if possible or IV (D50)

Question 2

Hyperglycemia

Answer 2

Glucose (fasting) 70 – 110 mg/dl
Prediabetic 100-125
Panic values less then 40 greater then 700

Assessment Finding: High serum glucose level, fruity odor to breath, polyuria, polydipsia, increased thirst and hunger, hot flushed skin

Intervention: Administer medications to decrease glucose level (insulin)

Question 3

Hypokalemia

Answer 3

Potassium Panic values less then 2.5 and greater then 7.0

Hypokalemia –low potassium vertigo, hypotension, cardiac dysrhythmias, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle weakness, leg cramps

Assessment Finding: Decrease in serum potassium levels, weakness, muscle cramps, irregular pulse, NVD

Interventions: Replace serum potassium (IV or oral supplement) and monitor serum levels of potassium

Question 4

Hyperkalemia

Answer 4

Potassium Panic values less then 2.5 and greater then 7.0

Hyperkalemia – bradycardia, abdominal cramps, oliguria, tingling, twitching or numbness of extremities

Assessment Finding: Increase in serum potassium level, muscle cramps, low heart rate, low BP, diarrhea, decreased urine output

Interventions: Decrease the serum potassium concentration (Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate), monitor serum levels of potassium, and monitor cardiac rhythm

Question 5

Electrolytes

Answer 5

Electrolytes include: Sodium, potassium, and chloride

Electrolytes are found in the blood and in the cells in the tissues

Those with a high value are concentrated in the blood stream

Those with a low value are concentrated mainly in the cells

Question 6

Hypernatremia

Answer 6

Sodium 135 – 145 mEq/l

1. maintains acid base balance
2. regulates osmotic pressure

Hypernatremia – restlessness, thirst, flushed skin, tachycardia

Question 7

Hyponatremia

Answer 7

Sodium 135 – 145 mEq/l

1. maintains acid base balance
2. regulates osmotic pressure

Hyponatremia – apprehension, anxiety, muscular twitching, weakness, headaches, tachycardia, hypertension

Question 8

Chloride

Answer 8

95 – 105 mEq/l
Found mostly in extracellular fluid
Aids in maintaining acid base balance

Question 9

Chloride
Combines with sodium to form __
Combines with hydrogen to produce __ (located in the stomach)

Answer 9

Chloride
Combines with sodium to form salt
Combines with hydrogen to produce hydrochloric acid
(located in the stomach)

Question 10

80 – 90% of potassium is excreted by the ___

Answer 10

80 – 90% of potassium is excreted by the kidneys

Question 11

Metabolic acidosis

Answer 11

CO2: 22 – 30 mEq/l
Decreased levels – Metabolic acidosis
deep vigorous breathing (Kussmal’s respirations)

Question 12

metabolic alkalosis

Answer 12

CO2: 22 – 30 mEq/l

Increased levels- metabolic alkalosis vomiting or gastric suction for long periods, shallow breathing