Damage of pathogens 2

Question 1

Siderophores

Answer 1

Iron binding protein transports iron

These can get attacked by viruses to steal iron

viruses will interfere with iron levels in body especially blood

Question 2

Direct damage

Answer 2

Direct Damage to host cell

 Utilize nutrients preventing host metabolism
 Produce waste products Interferes with host metabolism/survival

Question 3

Toxemia

Toxigenicity

Answer 3

 Toxemia – toxins in the blood

 Toxigenicity – capacity of pathogen to produce toxin

Question 4

Exotoxin

Answer 4

Exotoxins 
 Released by living cells 
 Proteins - destroy cell structure 
 Mostly Gram + 
 Harmful in small amounts (Highly toxic) 
 Highly specific targets
- A-B toxins
- Membrane Disrupting
-Superantigens(some of the most lethal substances known)

Question 5

Endotoxin

Answer 5

Endotoxins
 Released on cell/lipid death
 Gram – 
 Moderate effect (low toxicity)
 causes Fever, chills, aches, possible shock

Question 6

What is called (some of the most lethal substances known)

Answer 6

Exotoxins

Question 7

What are the three types of Exotoxins

Answer 7

 A-B toxins
 Membrane-disrupting toxins
 Superantigens

Question 8

A-B Toxins

Answer 8

Part of Exotoxins
Part A – toxin portion of protein alters cell function to prevent protein synthesis
 Part B – binding/targeting portion of protein

Question 9

Membrane-disrupting Toxins

Answer 9

Part of Exotoxins
 May form protein channels or ‘holes’ in membrane 
 May degrade phospholipid structure
 Often result in cell lysis 
 Particularly harmful to phagocytes

Question 10

Superantigens

Answer 10

Antigens produced by bacteria create an extreme over-reaction by the immune system
 Extremely high levels of cytokines  Nausea, vomiting, fever, shock

Question 11

Pathogenic Properties of Fungi

Answer 11

 Fungal waste products may cause symptoms

 Chronic infections provoke an allergic response

Question 12

Pathogenic Properties of Protozoa

Answer 12

Protozoan waste products may cause symptoms

Avoid host defenses by:
Cysts
Growing in phagocytes
Antigenic variation

Question 13

Pathogenic Properties of Algae

Answer 13

red algae is associated with Saxitoxin a neurotoxin that causes shellfish poisoning