Heart and Circulation

Question 1

Arterial system

Answer 1

The conductance vessels that carry the blood around the body

Question 2

Microcirculation

Answer 2

Where transfer of nutrients, waste and water occurs

Question 3

Venous system

Answer 3

The capacity vessels, that store and return blood to the heart

Question 4

Where is the heart located?

Answer 4

centrally in the chest between the lungs and pleura in the middle mediastinum

Question 5

What does the lubricated pericardial sac mean for the heart

Answer 5

It allows the expanision and contraction

Question 6

How do the chamber beat when pumping blood around the heart

Answer 6

syncytium

Question 7

he edge of the heart closest to the ribs is called what

Answer 7

the sternostal surface

Question 8

The edge of the heart closed to the diaphram is called

Answer 8

the diaphragmatic surface

Question 9

The edge of the heart which is most prosterior is called the

Answer 9

base

Question 10

Name the flow of blood through the body and through the heart

Answer 10

Vena Cava = right atrium = right ventricle = pulmonary trunk = pulmonary artieries = lung capillaies = pulmonary vein = left atrium = left ventricle = aorta = artieries = artioles = capillaries = venules = veins

Question 11

All blood vessels are lined by what type of cell

Answer 11

endothelial

Question 12

What are the two main valves in the heart called

Answer 12

tri cuspid and bi cuspid valves

Question 13

what is systematic circulation

Answer 13

When de-oxydenated blood comes via veins from the rest of the body

Question 14

What is pulomonary circulation

Answer 14

the journey from the right ventricle to the lungs

Question 15

bi-cuspid valve is also known as

Answer 15

mitral

Question 16

Summerise the right atrium

Answer 16

De-oxygenated blood enters from the superior and inferior vena cavae (SVC and IVC) as well as the coronary sinus
The blood leaves via the tricuspid valve
The sino-atrial and atrioventricular nodes are part of the cardiac conduction system (later)

Question 17

What is pulomonary circulation

Answer 17

the journey from the right ventricle to the lungs

Question 18

Internal features of the heart include

Answer 18

muscular ridges

papillary muscle

Question 19

papillary muscles

Answer 19

send tendinous cords to the edges of the valve cusps, these muscles and cords prevent cusp eversion into the atrium during ventricular contraction

Question 20

What happens near each ventricles out flow

Answer 20

becomes smooth to create laminar blood flow

Question 21

where do the left and right coronary sinus arise from

Answer 21

the aortic sinuses just above the valve cusps

Question 22

Summery of the pulmonary and aortic valves

Answer 22

These valves have semilunar cusps, during systole (contraction of ventricles_ the blood passes through the valve, forcing the cusps against the vessel wall.
During diastole (relaxation of the ventriles) the elastic recoil in the pulmoary trunk and orta forces blood between the cusps and the vessel wall therefore forcing them to meet in the centre of each vessel.

Question 23

Tell me about the electrical conducting pathways of the heart

Answer 23

TWO nodes - SA and AV

SA can be sped up/slowed down by ANS

Question 24

What is the bundle of His

Answer 24

collection of heart muscle cells specialised for electrical conduction that transmits electrical impulses from the AV node
(located next to it)

Question 25

Describe the pathway of conduction

Answer 25

wave of conduction passes from SA through atria to AV

Then from Bundle of His to left and right bundle branches that spread conduction through each ventricle