Classification of Disease

Question 1

What is aetiology

Answer 1

cause

Question 2

pathogenisis

Answer 2

mechanism by which cause produces disease

Question 3

What are the most common aetiologies

Answer 3

genetic 
environmental 
-infection
-chemicals 
-radiation
-mechanical trauma
combination (multifactorial)
unknown

Question 4

idiopathic

Answer 4

arises spontaneously = we don’t know the cause

Question 5

koch postulates

Answer 5

determining the aetiology through experimentation = having the subject getting the disease. taking the subject away, the disease leaves ERGO aetiology must be the subject

Question 6

Give me the four Kochs Postulates

Answer 6

• microorganism must be observed in every case of the disease
• must be isolated and grown in pure culture
• the pure culture when inoculated with animals must grow the disease
• the microorganism must be recovered from a diseased animal

Question 7

ICD

Answer 7

International Classification of diseases - used to compare other countries approaches

Question 8

Manifestations can be…

Answer 8

structural and/or functional

Question 9

Why classify?

Answer 9

To understand
Prognosis 
Treatment 
Prediction
Epidemiology

Question 10

congenital

Answer 10

things you are born with

Question 11

staging

Answer 11

recording how far the tumour has spread to what extent and severity. (helps plan treatment
USES TNM staging system
- physical exam, pathology, imaging, surgical reports give info

Question 12

Epidemiology

Answer 12

Study of disease in populations
affected by:
age 
time
geography
socio-economic factors 
occupational factors

Question 13

incidence

Answer 13

number of cases per period of time
e.g. 10 per year
rate at which you add new cases
INCIDENCE HIGH = HIGH DEATH RATE

Question 14

prevalence

Answer 14

number of people in the population with the condition

PREVALENCE WILL BE HIGH IF CONDITIONS LAST A LONG TIME (DEMENTIA)

Question 15

4P

Answer 15

Personalised
Predictive
Participatory
Preventive