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Y1S1 > Structure and Function of the Skin > Flashcards

Structure and Function of the Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three layers of the skin

A

epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

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2
Q

Epidermis

A

avascular epithelium, undergoes proliferation and synthesises keratin

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3
Q

Dermis

A 
vascular and tough 
contains:
-blood vessels
-lymphatics
-cutaneous nerves 
-collagen
-elastic fibres
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4
Q

Hypodermis

A

Superficial fascia - varies in thickness
contains:
-blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics
-fatty tissue
-skin ligaments, loose skin, taut skin implication in scarring and incisions

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5
Q

What elements are present in thick skin LGBCS

A

s. cornuem - water proof
s. lucidum - apoptosis
s. granulosum - keratin
s. spinosum - desmosomes
s. basale - cell division

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6
Q

What is the role of hemidesmosomes

A

anchor basal cells to basal lamina

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7
Q

how is the dermis held to the basal lamina

A

collagen 7

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8
Q

What mutation to the collagen VII causes blistering

A

dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa

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9
Q

Whats the role of filaggrin in keratohyline granules

A

aids cornification

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10
Q

role of melanocytes

A

found in the basal layer of the epidermis and they synthesis and release brown pigment known as melanin

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11
Q

What is the role of melanin

A

absorbs UV-B and prevents damage to DNA in the underlying cells of the hypodermis
melanoma is caused by exposure to radiation

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12
Q

Where are melanocytes derived from

A

neural crest cells these synthesise specialised lysosomes to undergo exocytosis of melanosomes which are transferred to keratinocytes

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13
Q

Langerhans

A 
derived from macrophages
dendritic form
stratum spinosum
capture, process and present antigens 
active in skin migrate to lymph nodes
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14
Q

What do langerhans express which helps degrade viruses

A

langerin = birbeck granules in HIV

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15
Q

what makes up the papillary dermis

A

fine collagen and elastic fibres, small blood vessels and nerves

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16
Q

what makes up the reticular dermis

A

coarser collagen and elastic fibres and larger blood vessels and nerves

17
Q

what does the hypodermis support

A

deepest part of hair follicles
eccrine and apocrine glands
RESPONSIBLE FOR VIT D PRODUCTION

18
Q

Where are apocrine sweat glands found

A

axillae and genital region, milk secretion containing pheromones

19
Q

Hair follicles

A 
cylindrical, epithelial structures anchored in the hypodermis 
grows from bulb
composed of keratin
contain sabaceous glands
secrete sebum
20
Q

What makes up the pilosebaceous unit

A

hair follicle
sebaceous glands
hair shaft
arrector pili

21
Q

nails and teeth

A

nails: nail root growth passes deep in dermis
teeth: enamel develops from epithelium dentine pulp and periodontal membrane is mesodermal

22
Q

What are arrecctor pili

A

contraction of smooth muscle attached to the papillary dermis and to the sheath of the follicle pulls the hair upright controlled by SNS

Y1S1 (71 decks)

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